| Zhangcao originated from the seal script and clerical script during the Qin and Han dynasties.The "Ji Jiu Zhang" cursive script borrowed existing texts to organize and standardize early cursive script,and became a respected model due to its widespread circulation in inscriptions and rubbings.Since this century,many bamboo and wooden slips with ancient characters have been unearthed,which has refreshed people’s understanding of zhangcao.Books such as Li Bin’s "Research on Ji jiu Zhang Cursive Script" and "Supplement to Ji jiu Zhang Radical Song",and Gao Ershi’s "Newly Revised Jijiu Zhang and Its Research",introduced an analysis method of the shapes of characters in stone inscriptions and bamboo and wooden slips,attempting to correct the "Ji Jiu Zhang" cursive script using new materials.However,due to the limitations of the available historical evidence,these findings were not comprehensive.This article is based on Gao Ershi’s "Newly Revised Ji jiu Zhang and Its Research",and combines different versions of the "Ji Jiu Zhang" text along with the shapes of grass script characters found on bamboo and wooden slips to conduct a comprehensive study of the "Ji Jiu Zhang".The article believes that before the discovery of bamboo and wooden slips,the inheritance and evolution of ancient zhangcao relied heavily on the "Ji Jiu Zhang" text.Therefore,studying the rules of zhangcao’s inheritance is essentially studying the structure of the "Ji Jiu Zhang" text.This article summarizes the laws of the "Ji Jiu Zhang" text into three categories:simplification,continuous writing,and recombination.Among them,the simplification laws include displacement,virtual left and real right,and changes to stroke order.The continuous writing laws include borrowing strokes from other characters,connecting strokes,and starting with a right turn.The recombination laws include merging seal and clerical scripts,merging different clerical scripts,and using the same shape for different characters.With the discovery of new bamboo and wooden slips in the 20 th century,the prehistory and history of zhangcao continued to be written,leading this article to divide the history of zhangcao into four stages: bamboo and wooden slip zhangcao,book-style zhangcao,stele-style zhangcao,and multi-dimensional zhangcao.During the development process of zhangcao,bamboo and wooden slip zhangcao appeared during the Wei period of the Qin and Han dynasties;book-style zhangcao began with the "Ji Jiu Zhang" text;stele-style zhangcao was an extension of stone inscriptions;and multi-dimensional zhangcao is currently the mainstream in modern exhibitions.Clarifying the rules and style evolution of ancient and modern zhangcao has practical significance in expanding the study of zhangcao,broadening the audience for zhangcao calligraphy,and enhancing the innovation of zhangcao works.Therefore,the conclusion of this paper summarizes the author’s personal experience and insights gained from studying and creating zhangcao. |
