Research On Habermas’ Theory Of Discourse Democracy

Jürgen Habermas,as one of the representatives of Western Marxism and Frankfurt School,is known as "the most influential thinker in the contemporary era".His thoughts are complex and profound,covering a wide range.Among them,the representative is his discourse democracy theory,which was put forward in response to the legalization crisis under the late capitalism,in order to solve the shortcomings gradually exposed by the western democratic system,restore the rationality of communication,and build a reasonable democratic society.This paper is divided into four parts:The first part is the introduction.The introduction part mainly shows the research background and significance of this paper,combs the research status at home and abroad,puts forward the main ideas and methods of the research,discusses the innovation and shortcomings of the research,and explains the relevant concepts of discourse democracy.The second part is to review the emergence and development process of Habermas’ discourse democracy theory.Starting from the realistic background of the theory,this paper discusses it from three aspects: the social pursuit of instrumental rationality,the public’s questioning of the western democratic system and the legalization crisis of late capitalism.Discusses the ideological origin of discourse democracy theory,which is represented by Locke’s liberal democracy theory,Rousseau’s republicanism democracy theory,Dewey’s procedural democracy thought,Rawls’ public reason concept and Marx’s democratic thought.The development process of Habermas’ theory of discourse democracy has gone through the embryonic stage dominated by public domain ideology,the development stage dominated by communicative behavior theory,and the main stage truly established by discourse procedural theory.The third part discusses the main content of discourse democracy theory.This chapter will define the relevant concepts of discourse democracy theory and explain the connotation of discourse democracy theory,which means that the subjects of conversation engage in discussions under conditions of freedom and equality.Analyzing the model of discourse democracy theory,the entire discussion process should follow a certain pattern,especially under the constraints of morality and law.The final outcome of the discussion can be established in the form of legislation,giving legitimacy to the discussion.Discuss the principles of discourse democracy theory from the perspective of negotiation with morality and democracy,construct the basic mechanism of discourse democracy theory,and explore the practical process of discourse democracy theory,namely citizen participation and consultation,decision-making and election,to analyze the practical path of discourse democracy theory.The fourth part is an analysis of Habermas’ theory of discourse democracy.On the one hand,the theory of discourse democracy has a certain positive significance.Discourse democracy theory explores democracy from the perspective of language,thus providing a new perspective for the development of democracy theory;The theory of discourse democracy also opposes the issue of tool alienation and advocates for rational communication.In the public sphere,the public can explore,feedback,and improve productivity through discourse,which has a certain positive significance in promoting the development of science and technology;On the other hand,the theory of discourse democracy has the limitations of utopian color,exaggerating the role of language,and ignoring basic social contradictions.Habermas’ discourse democracy theory enriches and develops the connotation of Marxist democracy theory.Starting from Habermas’ discourse democracy theory,this article elaborates on the theoretical sources and practical background of discourse democracy theory,as well as the main content of the theory.It analyzes the positive significance and limitations of discourse democracy theory,Among them,the positive significance has reference value for building the space of socialist public sphere and promoting the improvement of democratic system.