On Respect In Kant’s Philosophy

This paper takes Kant’s sense of respect as the research object,interprets and analyzes the possibility of respect as moral motivation,and explores how Kant put forward his theory of moral motivation,sublates and bridges the previous theory of moral motivation,and achieves the inevitability of moral law to moral behavior,providing basis and reference for further understanding and clarifying Kant’s philosophical system.In the first part,Kant puts forward the moral motivation,which mainly summarizes the development process and theoretical changes of Kant’s moral motivation,explores why and how Kant put forward the moral motivation theory,and provides a theoretical background for the following analysis.This part is divided into three sections.In the first section,the debate between rationalism ethics and empiricism ethics in Europe is described in a background,that is,the debate between rationalism and empiricism in the early stage leads to the interpretation of moral motivation by British emotionalism,and Hume’s theory of empathy is briefly summarized;The second section,following the first section,briefly expounds hutcheson’s moral sense theory,another representative of emotionalism,and provides a theoretical background for Kant’s discussion on moral motivation;The third section expounds why and how Kant put forward the theory of moral motivation.Kant put forward the theory of "respect" in criticizing and inheriting emotionalism.On the one hand,Kant thinks that emotionalism has certain theoretical defects,on the other hand,Kant critically inherits the content of emotionalism and puts forward "respect" on this basis.The second part of Kant’s analysis of the connotation of respect will start from Kant’s critical philosophy system,grasp Kant’s respect as a systematic concept,and focus on some texts of his sense of respect,so as to answer why Kant’s respect appears as a moral emotion in pure practical reason and why it becomes a moral motivation to promote people’s moral behavior,and analyze the aesthetic basis and religious basis of respect.This part is divided into three sections.The first section expounds why respect is a rational emotion and how it becomes a moral motivation to promote people’s moral behavior.The second section expounds the concept of sublimity in Kant’s aesthetics and analyzes how sublimity supports respect in aesthetic sense;The third section first introduces the concept of God in Kant’s religious philosophy,analyzes the supporting role of God’s multiple attributes on respect,and then discusses the practical role of God as a moral ideal for moral laws.The third part evaluates Kant’s moral motivation.This part is divided into two sections.The first section briefly evaluates the historical position and theoretical value of Kant’s respect for moral motivation,and affirms the era value and guiding significance of respect theory;The second section analyzes the shortcomings of his theory on the basis of predecessors,and makes a summary comment on his sense of respect.