Research On Modeling And Simulation Of Public Goods Game Based On Subjective Learning

Cooperation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in both natural and human systems,and its role in promoting population reproduction and societal prosperity is widely recognized.However,cooperation often entails costs for individuals,which runs counter to the principle of maximizing self-interest.Therefore,understanding the mechanisms that underlie cooperative behavior among populations is paramount for optimizing both individual and collective interests.Cognition,which is the process of acquiring knowledge and forming opinions,plays a critical role in shaping individual decision-making.The relationship between cognition and institutions is closely intertwined,with cognition serving as a crucial source of endogenous institutional change.Institutions,in turn,function as self-sustaining systems of collective cognition,whose stability and evolution are shaped by cognitive processes.Subjective game theory,which considers endogenous growth theory in the study of institutional change,provides a framework for unveiling the endogenous evolution process of institutions by modeling the subjective game strategies of participants.Through this lens,the interplay between individual cognition and institutional evolution can be more comprehensively explored.As such,the utilization of subjective game theory as a research tool holds significant potential for deepening our understanding of the evolution of group cooperation mechanisms.This paper introduces subjective game theory into the institutional cognitive evolution research of public goods games,and three subjective learning-based cognitive evolution models are constructed according to the research path of "cognitive heterogeneity distributioncognitive transmission-cognitive results" through multi-agent modeling and simulation methods.The paper investigates the mechanism of group cooperation in public goods games and analyzes in-depth the impact of cognitive evolution on institutional equilibrium change.Firstly,considering the heterogeneity of cognition distribution,the paper proposes a subjective learning-based strategy updating modeling rule in the public goods game model,and introduces a reputation monitoring mechanism based on heterogeneous rewards to study the evolutionary process of group cooperation behavior under this mechanism.Meanwhile,the reasons for the effectiveness of the cooperation mechanism are explained from the perspective of cognitive evolution.Secondly,considering the role of cognitive transmission,the paper studies the impact of cognitive transmission processes on the level of group cooperation and cognitive evolution under different transmission paths.Finally,focusing on the results of cognitive formation,the paper proposes two strategy updating rules from the perspectives of external information processing and internal emotion regulation of participants,and studies how game participants can avoid cognitive biases in the decision-making process.Specifically,building on existing literature,this paper carries out the following main research tasks:(1)A novel modeling rule based on subjective learning is proposed for updating strategies in public goods games.This is followed by the establishment of a multi-agent simulation system based on subjective learning using the NetLogo platform.The reliability of the modeling rule in the public goods game model is validated by exploring the relationship between the level of group cooperation and the coordination coefficient,and by comparing the evolutionary results of the subjective learning system under different short-term memory thresholds(k).Based on this,a reputation monitoring mechanism based on heterogeneous rewards is designed.Through multiple simulation experiments,it is found that a high heterogeneous return adjustment factor(α)changes the individual’s payoff structure,leading to a favorable perception of cooperation within the group and promoting an increase in the level of group cooperation.Furthermore,a high reputation coefficient(P)widens the reputation gap between individuals by punishing defectors,thereby increasing the heterogeneous reputation income of cooperative groups,which helps to alleviate the "tragedy of the commons" problem and suppress free-riding behavior to some extent.Finally,this paper conducts an in-depth study on the institutional change of the public goods game from the perspective of cognitive evolution,and explains the reason why the game equilibrium state shifts to a high level of cooperation.In general,based on the perspective of subjective game,this study provides a new explanatory framework for the indirect reciprocity phenomenon in the study of public goods game,and further enriches the theoretical vision of public goods game research.(2)A cognitive transfer model based on subjective learning is proposed,and a public goods game system based on neighbor communication,network communication,and intergenerational communication is established through the NetLogo simulation platform in this paper.After comparing the simulation results of the cognitive transfer model under different communication paths,the paper finds that the cognitive transfer model based on subjective learning can improve the formation of group cognition and significantly improve the cooperation level of the public goods game system in the short term.Secondly,the introduction of the scale-free network structure can effectively promote the spread of good cognition within the population by enhancing the interaction between individuals,thereby maintaining the cooperation between groups.Finally,the cognitive transmission model based on intergenerational transmission can ensure the continuous reproduction of good cognition in the population compared to the Moran process,thereby improving the cognitive evolution of the group.Overall,the cognitive transmission model proposed in this paper provides a new modeling idea for the application of cognitive propagation and knowledge sharing in game theory simulation research.Among them,the intergenerational transfer model fills the gap in the field of modeling and simulation of intergenerational transfer,and provides a certain reference value for subsequent research.(3)From the perspective of extrinsic information processing and intrinsic emotion regulation in the decision-making process of participants,two policy update models based on subjective learning are proposed,aiming to deeply explore the influence of cognitive and emotional factors on decision-making behavior of participants in the decision-making process.Through simulation and numerical analysis using the NetLogo platform,the study finds that a high reliability coefficient(ω)improves the subjective learning process and reduces cognitive biases in the decision-making process by increasing the importance of reputation information in the participant’s strategy selection,which effectively enhances the cooperation level in the public goods game system.Furthermore,from the perspective of internal emotional regulation,high emotional accumulation effects and emotional sensitivity provide effective emotional value for collaborators,enabling them to resist the invasion of defectors and prevent the population from falling into cognitive bias traps,thus inhibiting free-riding behavior to a certain extent.In general,the policy update model proposed in this paper can effectively correct the cognitive bias of individuals in a harsh game environment,improve the learning process of their subjective cognition,and bring a higher level of cooperation to the group.Secondly,from the perspective of modeling and simulation,this paper provides a new idea for exploring the behavior decision-making process of participants under the influence of cognitive bias,which has certain theoretical and application value for in-depth research on the decision-making mechanism of human behavior and the realization of intelligent decisionmaking.