Research On Randmore's Cognitive Democrac

As the result of the development of human political civilization,democracy is a common value of all mankind.There is no doubt that democracy is important for the development of today’s world.But how can democracy work? There has been cognitive controversy since its inception.Throughout the ages,different politicians and theorists have put forward different views.Hélène Landmore is one of the important representatives of the contemporary Western school of cognitive democracy.She explains why democracy is effective and defends the value of democracy from the cognitive dimension.In Landmore’s idea of cognitive democracy,democracy is the rule of the majority.Assuming that from pure cognition,democracy is more likely to produce high-quality decisions than undemocratic decisions in the face of complex unknowns,which Landmore calls collective intelligence.Landmore offers new thinking for our study of democracy.At present,some foreign democracy theorists have begun to study Landmore’s cognitive democratic ideas in recent years.Chinese scholars have also begun to study cognitive democracy,but there are still certain shortcomings compared with foreign research on Landmore’s cognitive democratic thought.This paper focuses on Landmore’s cognitive democratic thought.As a researcher of democracy theory in the West,Landmore sees the current situation in democratic countries,that is,the promotion of democracy and the questioning of the ability of the majority to participate in democratic decision-making.Based on the contradiction between ideas and realities facing democracy,Landmore tried to defend democracy.She believes that democracy is superior to undemocratic decision-making under certain conditions,and the key factor is cognitive diversity.The source of cognitive diversity comes from the participation of politically equal individuals.From the perspective of the formation of Landmoore’s collective intelligence,individuals achieve from individual cognition to high-quality solutions through public reasoning negotiation through inclusive negotiation and majority decision,and finally generate collective intelligence.However,there are also deficiencies in Landmore’s idea of cognitive democracy,and Landmore believes that the increase in cognitive diversity is conducive to the generation of collective intelligence,but as the scale increases,the decision-making process in the collective bargaining process may increase.In addition,the cognitive gains from cognitive diversity in democratic decision-making are largely based on Scott Page’s diversity over ability theorem.However,the theorem is mainly based on a priori computer experiments.Therefore,there is a certain gap between a priori reasoning and real-world operation.Finally,in the context of Landmore,the environment for democratic decision-making is unpredictable and uncertain.Landmore argues that without determining expert knowledge under such conditions,it is difficult for experts to function effectively.Based on existing research,political entrepreneurs,as people with expert knowledge,can effectively exert policy innovation in the face of uncertainty.In summary,Landmore’s cognitive democratic thought has carried out research on democracy from the cognitive dimension,which provides us with new ideas for studying democracy theory.At the same time,the generation of Landmore’s collective intelligence affirms the value of the cognitive diversity that emerges from public participation and defends democracy.Finally,there is a lack of discussion of expert knowledge in Landmore’s collective intelligence generation.