A Study Of The Deviations In The Operation Of Village Working Groups From The Perspective Of Residual Control Theory

As an important leader and implementer of rural governance,the importance of grassroots government in the process of rural development is self-evident.In order to promote rural governance and improve rural governance,many grassroots governments have set up village task forces in an attempt to fill in the gaps for village governance.However,in the process of concrete policy implementation,there are phenomena that run counter to their original settings.This article focuses on residual control as a theoretical perspective and examines case studies through participant observation in an attempt to dissect the main problems in the operation of the chartered village working groups and the causes behind them,with a view to providing some alternative perspectives on improving the effectiveness of rural governance.Specifically,the J-town government has set up a task-centred working group to establish a working mechanism with leaders in charge and cadres in charge of the villages,to help the villagers(residents)committees implement the policies of the higher government,guide them in their work,interpret the spirit of government documents in depth,improve the effectiveness of the work of the villagers(residents)committees,and be a "guide" in the work of the village(residents)committees.The team is a "guide" in the work of village(resident)committees.However,deviations have occurred in the actual operation of the village working group.When the village working group completes the work tasks assigned by its superiors,there is a misalignment of the multiple subjects in the task.Firstly,the chartered village leaders,as representatives of the delegated parties,habitually transferred the pressure downwards during the task,while spreading the responsibility between the chartered village working group and the villagers(residents)committee,not being able to properly exercise the right to set targets and make reasonable target setting according to the actual situation of the village.Secondly,the villagers(residents)committees,as agents,are more willing to resist in silence and "do nothing" and "make no mistakes" to cope with their work due to the mentality of "avoiding responsibility" and their own lack of capacity.They are more willing to resist in silence,to respond to their work by "not doing anything" and "not making mistakes",and to counteract the working group because of the substantial authority of having some of the incentives and assessment rights.Finally,as the management side of the village working group,especially the head of the village group,has to take on all the pressure for its own development,while the management side and the agent are seen as a community of responsibility due to the fact that the principal side,in exercising its power of inspection and acceptance,while the management side lacks substantial authority over the agent side,has to complete the work itself,going from being the "guide " into a "dominant player".From the perspective of the theory of residual control,the operation of the village working group is biased because residual control cannot be effectively allocated among the various actors.As a result,the management and the agent are tied together by similar interests,and thus "conspire" to meet the principal’s inspection and acceptance.At the same time,the lack of reasonable allocation of incentives and assessment rights between the three parties leads to a lack of motivation on the part of the agents and a loss of substantive authority on the part of the management,resulting in a gradual alienation of behaviour.In order to avoid the deviations in the operation of the village working group and to improve the quality and efficiency of rural governance,it is necessary to make a reasonable allocation of the remaining control power among the multiple subjects of rural governance,so that the power stands in the right position,which in turn is conducive to the comprehensive and in-depth promotion of the rural revitalization strategy.