Research On The Impact Of Basic Endowment Insurance Payment On The Employment Behavior Of Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises

In 1997,the Chinese government promulgated the Decision on the Establishment of a Unified Enterprise Employee Endowment Insurance System,which clearly included all employees of enterprises in the endowment insurance system,which represents that China has fully established an employee endowment insurance system.As an important part of the endowment insurance system with Chinese characteristics,the basic endowment insurance for employees has received great attention and attention from all walks of life.For a long time,the contribution ratio of basic endowment insurance for employees in China has been relatively high,which not only brings great pressure to the company,but also affects the company’s employment behavior and production behavior,and then has a certain negative impact on the company’s competitiveness.At present,China’s enterprises are still labor-intensive,so they are more sensitive to changes in insurance rates.Studying the relationship between basic endowment insurance contributions and enterprise employment behavior is of practical significance for the coordinated operation of the basic endowment insurance system and labor.The theoretical part of this paper analyzes the influence mechanism of basic endowment insurance contributions on the employment behavior of enterprises,and shows that when enterprises face the burden of basic endowment insurance,they will reduce the number of employees while reducing their wages,so as to transfer payment pressure.And this effect also depends on other factors,such as the elasticity of labor supply and demand,workers’ recognition of the basic pension system,and so on.In the empirical study,this paper selects the panel data of 985 A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2019 as a sample,and concretizes the employment behavior of enterprises into employment wages and employment scale.The simultaneous equation model is constructed,and the instrumental variable method is used to simulate the overall impact of basic pension insurance contributions on the employment wage and employment scale of enterprises,and group regression research is carried out based on enterprise ownership,enterprise scale and labor intensity.The results show that the basic endowment insurance contribution has a significant negative effect on the employment wage and employment scale of the enterprise,and has a crowding out effect on both of them.Every 1 percentage point increase in the actual contribution rate of basic pension insurance enterprises will lead to a 0.024% decrease in employment wages and 0.082% reduction in employment scale.This paper puts forward some policy suggestions,and the government can adjust the basic endowment insurance payment rate in multiple ways to further reduce the payment pressure of enterprises;Establish and improve social supervision mechanisms to avoid illegal early retirement and use of pension funds;The government has introduced corresponding incentive mechanisms to increase the enthusiasm of enterprises to pay.