| Purposes:The first aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire as a reliable and effective measurement tool to assess the nutritional knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)of university students majoring in physical education;Besides,to apply the self-designed questionnaire to assess the nutritional KAP among college students majoring in sports from a sports university in Beijing to find their nutritional misunderstandings and problems,and to explore the factors of their nutritional KAP scores and the relationship between K,A and P;Finally,to explore the effect of the sports nutrition curriculum to provide a reference for the establishment and improvement of the sports nutrition curriculum and other nutritional interventions.Methods:All the students enrolled in this study were chosen from a sports university in Beijing.(1)On the basis of the theory of KAP and former studies,the first draft was formed.The items were revised and selected through the Delphi method,pre-survey,and item analysis method.After the evaluation of the validity and reliability,the tool was formed.(2)Investigate the nutritional KAP of 447 students from a sports university by the selfdesigned tool.The factors were explored by comparing the nutritional KAP scores of students of different genders,sports,sports training years,and sports levels.(3)70 students who took the elective course of nutrition enrolled in the initial survey were selected as the "course selection group",and another 70 students who did not choose the course were selected as the "non-selection group".The K,A,P,and total scores at the beginning and the end of the nutrition course were compared within and between groups to examine the effects of the sports nutrition curriculum.Results:(1)The final version of the questionnaire contains 29 scoring items,including nutrition knowledge,attitudes,and dietary behaviors,with a full score of 61 points.Among them,there are 13 questions in the knowledge part with a full score of 13,7 questions in the attitude part with a full score of 21,and 9 questions in the behavior part with a full score of 27,The Item Content Validity Index(I-CVI)of each item is greater than 0.78,and the Scale Content Validity Index(S-CVI)was 0.91;The test-retest reliability of the overall tool and the parts of K,A,and P were 0.94,0.85,0.92,and 0.85,respectively;The Cronbach’s α of overall and each part of K,A,P was 0.85,0.74,0.89 and 0.74 respectively.(2)The total score was 41.30±6.86,accounting for 67.7%of the full marks.The average scores of K,A,P were 9.50±2.68,16.74±3.58,15.07±3.37,respectively,accounting for 73.1%,79.7%,and 55.8%,respectively.(3)The nutrition K,A,P scores were positively correlated(P<0.05):γK-A=0.338、λK-P=0.095 and γA-P=0.361.(4)Girl students’ nutritional K and A scores were significantly higher than those of boys,while no significant difference was found between their nutrition practice and total scores.(5)The students whose training period was more than 8 years had higher nutritional attitudes scores than those whose training years were less than 5 years(P<0.05),while no significant difference was found in K,P,and total scores among students with different training years.(6)International master athletes’ P scores were significantly better than those with low levels(P<0.05),while the K,A scores and total scores of students of different sports levels were not significantly different.(7)No significant difference was found in the scores of each part and total scores among students of diverse sports.(8)There was no significant difference in K,A,P,and total scores between the course selection group and the non-selection group.Before the sports nutrition curriculum,the K,A,P,and total scores of the two groups were not significantly different,however,at the end of the course,the course selection group’s knowledge was greater when compared with the non-selection group(P<0.05),whereas the A,P,and whole scores of these two groups were not significantly different.Conclusion:(1)The self-designed questionnaire can be used as a valid and reliable tool for the nutrition KAP survey on students majoring in sports.(2)Students from a sport university in Beijing had acceptable nutritional knowledge and nutritional attitude,while they had some bad dietary behaviors.Nutritional K,A,P scores are positively related.(3)Compared with boys’,girl students’ knowledge status and attitude related to nutrition were better;Students with long training years had better nutritional attitudes than those with short training years;The dietary behavior of the students of international master level was better than that of other students of lower sports level;The sports did not affect the KAP scores.(4)The nutritional knowledge of the students who took the nutrition course was better than those who did not take the course,but the effectiveness was not obvious indicating that the current sports nutrition course needs to be improved. |
PDF Full Text Request