Effects Of 12-week Concurrent Training On General Athletic Ability And Specific Athletic Performance Of Preadolescent Swimmers

Objective:The following questions were investigated through a 12-week concurrent training intervention in preadolescent swimmers:(1)Before and after the experiment,the pre-adolescent swimmers muscle quality,aerobic endurance,speed,coordination,50 meters and 400 meters freestyle performance index changes,so as to explore the effect of the same training on the pre-adolescent swimmers general athletic ability and specific athletic performance.(2)Comparing the effect difference between the two training methods of concurrent training and special endurance training in improving the general athletic ability and special athletic performance index of preadolescent swimmers.Methods:Thirty-six preadolescent swimmers were selected as subjects in Luban Swimming School in Huangpu District,Shanghai.Before the experiment,the subjects were tested for basic physical condition,general athletic ability and special athletic performance.According to physiological age,the subjects were divided into experimental group(n=18)and control group(n=18).During the 12-week intervention period,The experimental group received swimming training and 80%-85%1RM strength and plyometric training,while the control group received swimming training and land-specific training.After the intervention training,all subjects were posttested,and the content and process of the test were exactly the same as the pre-test.Results:(1)Changes in muscle strength indicators.After 12 weeks of training,squatting jump,countermovement jump,standing long jump and 40 seconds sit-up were significantly improved in the experimental group(p<0.01),and the change of 40 seconds push-up was significant(p<0.05).The changes of 40 seconds sit-up and 40 seconds push-up in control group were significant(p<0.05).There was no significant difference in Eccentric Utilization Ratio between the two groups(p> 0.05),but the effect size of experimental group(d=0.44)and control group(d=0.14)was small and tiny,respectively.The results showed that the increase of squatting jump,countermovement jump and standing long jump in experimental group was higher than that in control group(p<0.05).(2)Changes of speed,coordination and aerobic endurance.After 12 weeks of training,20-meter running and 40-second lateral jumping were significantly improved in the experimental group(p<0.01),and 6-minute running had significant changes(p<0.05).In the control group,20-meter running were significantly improved(p<0.01),6-minute running had significant changes(p<0.05),and 40-second lateral jumping had no significant changes(p> 0.05).Its effect size was small(d=0.38).Comparison between groups showed that the increase of 40-second lateral jumping in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(p<0.01).(3)Changes in performance indicators of specific athletic.After 12 weeks of training,the 50 m freestyle performance of the experimental group was significantly improved(p<0.01),while the 400 m freestyle performance had no significant change(p> 0.05),but the effect size was moderate(d=0.60).The results of 50 m and 400 m freestyle in the control group were not significantly changed(p> 0.05),and the effect sizes were small(d=0.1)and small(d=0.25),respectively.Conclusion:(1)12-week concurrent training can significantly improve the lower limb power,muscular endurance,speed,coordination,aerobic endurance and 50 m freestyle performance of preadolescent swimmers without affecting body composition.These results indicate that the concurrent training can improve the general athletic ability and short distance freestyle performance of preadolescent swimmers athletes by strengthening neuromuscular function.(2)Compared with individual specific endurance training,12-week concurrent training had more significant effects on improving lower limb power,core muscular endurance,coordination and 50 m freestyle performance of preadolescent swimmers.It shows that the concurrent training is more efficient than the individual special endurance training without increasing the volume of training.