Research On The Relationship Between Physical Activity,sedentary Behavior And Fitness Among 5-6 Year Old Preschool Children Based On Accelerometer Measurement

Purpose: Preschool children is the initial stage of life development and a critical period for the formation of good physical fitness.With the rapid development of social economy and the continuous change of lifestyle,physical activity and sedentary behavior have gradually become important factors affecting the physical quality of preschool children.Existing studies have shown that there is a strong relationship between physical activity,sedentary behavior and physical fitness in preschool children,but the results are inconsistent.Among them,the lack of accurate physical activity and sedentary behavior measurement tools is an important reason for the inconsistent results.There are limited studies to distinguish different intensities of physical activity.In addition,many studies only focus on one or two dimensions of physical fitness,and there is a lack of discussion on different dimensions of physical fitness.Therefore,based on local data measured by accelerometers,this study focused on the relationship between physical activity,sedentary behavior and physical fitness in 5-6 year olds.Methods: The subjects of this study were 135 preschool children aged 5-6(average age 5.56±0.31 years)recruited by a kindergarten in Suzhou.Using the literature data method,the Chinese and English literatures published in CNKI,Wanfang,Web of Science,Pub Med and other databases were retrieved to lay a theoretical foundation for the development of this study.Using the test method,the accelerometer(Acti Graph GT3X-BT)was used to measure the physical activity and sedentary behavior time of preschool children(required to wear for 7 consecutive days),the preschool children’s physical fitness tests include: Standing long jump,Grip strength,10-meter shuttle-run,20-meter shuttle-run,Hopping,Sit-and-reach,and Walking on the balance beam.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the principals of kindergartens using the interview method,aiming to understand the current situation and influencing factors of preschool children’s physical fitness.Mathematical statistics were used,and SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data,and the statistical significance level was set as p < 0.05.Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the physical activity,sedentary behavior and physical quality of preschool children.Using t test,on the one hand,t test was used to compare the differences of indicators in different time periods and different genders;The correlation between physical activity,sedentary behavior and physical quality of preschool children was analyzed by sampling Pearson correlation.Results:(1)The average daily duration of preschool children’s light physical activity(LPA)was 284.89±37.18 minutes,the average daily duration of moderate physical activity(MPA)was 53.81±14.84 minutes,and the average daily duration of vigorous physical activity(VPA)was 22.91±10.65 minutes,and the average daily duration of sedentary behavior was 414.78±59.37 minutes.In the middle of the week,the preschool children’s sedentary behavior and the average daily length of LPA were more than those in the weekend(p < 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the average daily duration of sedentary behavior between male and female children(p > 0.05),and male children had more physical activity(except LPA)than female children(p < 0.05).(2)Male children’s 10-meter shuttle-run and grip strength were better,and female children’s sit-and-reach was better(p < 0.05).Compared with the data of 5-year-old preschool children in the fifth national physical fitness monitoring,the survey subjects have better levels of hopping,standing long jump,grip strength and walking on the balance beam,but the level of sit-and-reach is poor.(3)The MVPA(Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity,MVPA)of preschool children was significantly positively correlated with standing long jump and grip strength,and was significantly correlated with 10-meter shuttle-run(time used),hopping(time used),sit-and-reach,and walking on the balance beam(time used).)was significantly negatively correlated.The LPA of preschool children was significantly positively correlated with the hopping(time used),and was significantly negatively correlated with sit-and-reach.The TPA of preschool children was significantly negatively correlated with 10-meter shuttle-run(time used)and sit-and-reach.The sedentary behavior of preschool children was significantly negatively correlated with standing long jump and grip strength.(4)The preschool children who reached the recommended amount of physical activity had better levels of 10-meter shuttle-run,hopping,standing long jump,grip strength,and walking on the balance beam,but the level of sit-and-reach was worse(p <0.05).Conclusion: Preschool children have insufficient physical activity and excessive sedentary behavior.The speed sensitivity and upper limb strength of male children were better,and the flexibility of female children was better.There was a positive correlation between MVPA and most indicators of physical fitness in preschool children,but there was a negative correlation between MVPA and flexibility quality,and no correlation with cardiorespiratory endurance quality.The LPA of preschool children was negatively correlated with the quality of speed sensitivity and flexibility.Different intensities of physical activity were associated with different degrees of physical fitness,and the degree of association increased with the increase in physical activity intensity.There is a negative correlation between the sedentary behavior of preschool children and the strength of the upper and lower limbs.Preschool children who achieved the recommended amount of physical activity were better on most indicators of physical fitness.