Analysis And Research On Physics Textbook Exercises Based On Model Construction

Model construction plays an important role in cultivating students’ core academic literacy.Model construction is not only an important tool to help students solve physical problems,but also a scientific literacy that students should have.It plays an indispensable key role in physics teaching in high school.The educational value of model construction is gradually recognized in the field of scientific research,and more and more experts and scholars believe that model construction plays a crucial role in the development of science.Currently,how to cultivate students’ model building ability is one of the important research contents of physics courses.Textbooks are tools that connect teachers and students,and are developed under the guidance of the Curriculum Standards.They contain not only scientific knowledge imparted by teachers to students,but also exercises to test students’ learning outcomes and consolidate their knowledge.In the current educational context,exercises play a very important role in teaching.The quality of extensive exercise resources varies,and the exercises in textbooks are compiled and selected by experts and scholars based on current educational requirements,which has high teaching and research value.This study uses scientific methods to analyze the situation of model construction literacy in exercise testing in high school physics textbooks and draws research conclusions,providing corresponding suggestions for frontline teachers to use physics textbooks to develop students’ model construction literacy.I hope to help them understand the requirements of the Curriculum Standards for students’ model construction literacy level and the characteristics of their inspection methods,and provide certain reference for teachers to select and assign high-level exercises to examine and cultivate students’ model construction literacy.This study mainly includes six parts:The first part is introduction.This section mainly includes: analyzing the background of this study,summarizing previous research results on "core competencies in physics","model construction research",and "research on high school physics textbook exercises",analyzing the shortcomings of existing research and providing insights for this study,and based on this,determining the content and research methods of this study.To reflect the characteristics of different versions of textbooks,this study selected multiple versions of textbooks as the research object;In order to ensure the objectivity and systematicness of the research results,content analysis,a quantitative analysis method,was selected for research.The second part is related theoretical foundations.This section includes:(1)a review of current domestic and foreign literature,clarifying the connotations and theories of "model","model construction",and "model construction from the perspective of core competencies".(2)Comparing the curriculum standards,firstly,comparing and analyzing the similarities and differences in the requirements for model construction in the curriculum objectives and evaluations before and after the introduction of core competencies in the physics discipline.Secondly,comparing the similarities and differences in the concept and requirements for model construction in different subject curriculum standards.The third part is research design.The main research method of this article is content analysis.The research design section mainly includes:(1)selecting the analysis objects for the study.To analyze the differences in the examination of model construction in physics textbook exercises before and after the proposal of core competencies in the field of physics,this study selected the most widely used version of the People’s Education Press,the new and old versions of physics textbooks,as the research object.At the same time,in order to compare the differences in model construction and examination of exercises in different versions of textbooks in different regions,this study also included the Shandong Science and Technology Publishing House version of physics textbooks in the scope of research.(2)Follow the step-by-step process of content analysis method for research.Use the independent questions in the exercises as analysis units,and use the analysis units that examine model construction literacy as research samples.Continuously discussing,modifying,and improving sample screening rules based on trial analysis.(3)Determine the analysis category: Category 1 is the model type;Category 2 is the question type;Category three is the source of exercise scenarios;Category 4 is the presentation method of exercises;Category 5 is the stage of model construction;Category 6 is the level of model construction inspection.(4)Organize the exercise analysis framework based on the determined categories.(5)Extract some exercises from the compulsory high school physics course for trial analysis,identify problems,and solve them.Then,code and analyze all the exercise samples from Compulsory One of High School Physics.(6)By testing the reliability and validity,it was concluded that this study has good reliability and validity.The fourth part is data statistics and analysis.The three versions of the selected physics textbook have a total of 586 analysis units for all exercises,and this study screened 421 samples that meet the rules.Statistical analysis was conducted on the coding results of the samples,and the following conclusions were drawn:(1)After statistical analysis,it was found that both the new and old versions of the textbook exercises of the People’s Education Press attach great importance to the inspection of model construction literacy.Before proposing the core literacy of physics,attention has been paid to cultivating and evaluating students’ ability to construct models through textbook exercises.(2)From the perspective of the model construction stage,the People’s Education Press textbook focuses on the model application stage.Compared to the old version of the textbook,the proportion of the four stages of model selection,establishment,validation,and application in the exercise sample of the new version of the textbook is gradually increasing.(3)From the perspective of examining the level of elements,the People’s Education Press textbooks mainly focus on Level 3 and Level 4.The difficulty of the new version of the textbooks has increased,with Level 4 being the most evaluated.The Lu Ke version of the textbook focuses more on basic knowledge,with a focus on examining Level 3 and Level 4.At the same time,the number of exercises in Level 2 also accounts for a considerable proportion.(4)From the perspective of exercise characteristics,the textbook exercises that examine the construction of the model mainly focus on multiple-choice and computational problems,with physics problems and production and life situations as the main exercise scenarios,presented in the form of pure text or text combined with illustrations.The fifth part is exercise appreciation and suggestions.This section first selects representative textbook exercises to examine the construction of the model for detailed appreciation.Based on this,combined with research conclusions,provide teaching suggestions and suggestions for exercise selection or scheduling.Teaching suggestions include emphasizing students’ subjectivity,inspiring their thinking,and emphasizing the selection and use of mathematical methods;The selection or suggestion of exercises consists of three parts: emphasizing the context of the exercises,establishing a foundation,increasing difficulty,and emphasizing the application of model construction.The sixth part,research deficiencies and prospects.The limitation of this study is that the subjective factors of the researchers make it impossible to guarantee complete objectivity in the research results.And the research subjects only selected three versions of compulsory physics textbooks,which are not comprehensive enough.Therefore,college entrance examination exercises,extracurricular exercises,etc.can also be included in the scope of research.