| ObjectiveStress refers to the stressor itself or the individual’s response to the stressor,which can refer to the direct effects of the noxious stimulus,as well as the subjective feelings of the individual,such as threats and other physical,psychological and behavioral responses（Schraml,2013）.Previous studies have found that acute stress may affect attention levels.At the same time,studies have confirmed that there are differences in the attention characteristics of different special athletes,so there are also differences in the impact of special training on attention in different sports.The attention network model believes that there are three independent sub-networks in the functional and anatomical positions of the cerebral cortex,namely the alert network,the orientation network and the executive control network,which provides new research content and means for the study of attention and its neural mechanism.In this paper,the relationship between acute stress,judo special training and attention network efficiency was studied,and functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to record neural activity in real time during the completion of attention network tasks to explore the neural mechanism.MethodsIn this experiment,the two-factor hybrid experimental design explored the relationship between acute stress（2 levels:acute pressure and general pressure）,special training in judo（2 levels:judoka and general college students）and the efficiency of attention network and its neural mechanism.A total of 60 participants participated in the experiment,including 30 judokas（sports level:3 athletes,11 first-class athletes,4second-level athletes,12 non-sports grades）（age:20.567±2.176 years）with an average training period of 6.033±2.414 years,and 30 ordinary college students（age:20.667±2.090 years）.The Attention Network task is used to detect the efficiency of the three subnetworks（alert,directive,and executive control networks）.All participants randomly performed attention network test（ANT）without acute stress and acute stress,and recorded neural activity in real time using functional near-infrared spectroscopy（f NIRS）.Acute stress was induced by the Cold Pressor Test（CPT）and mental arithmetic tasks.The Salivary Cortisol Concentration,Positive and Negative Mood Scale（PANAS）,and Self-Perception Assessment Scale（SAM）are used to assess the provoked effects of acute stressful states.Results1.Relationship between judo special training,acute stress and attention network efficiency and neural activity:There was no significant difference between judo athletes and ordinary college students in the response of attention to attention network task(F（1,58）=2.106,p=0.152),and the analysis results of accuracy also showed no significant statistical difference(F（1,58）=0.055,p=0.815),indicating that judo special training had no statistically significant effect on the efficiency of attentional attention network.There was no significant difference between the task response of the attentional alert network with acute stress and without acute stress(F（1,58）=2.718,p=0.105),and the accuracy rate also showed no statistically significant difference(F（1,58）=0.074,p=0.786),indicating that acute stress had no statistically significant effect on the efficiency of attention-alertness network.There was no significant interaction between judo-specific training and acute stress on the efficiency of attentional vigilance network(F（1,58）=0.332,p=0.566)and accuracy(F（1,58）=0.068,p=0.796).During the vigilance task,the main effect of judo special training on channel 3(F（1,58）=4.606,p=0.036)in the frontal pole region of the prefrontal lobe and channel 7(F（1,58）=5.996,p=0.017)in the dorsolateral prefrontal region was significant,the activity of judo sports posts in the polar area was higher than that of ordinary college students,the activity of judo athletes in the dorsolateral prefrontal region was lower than that of ordinary college students,and the main effect of other channel judo special training was not significant.There were no significant acute stress main effects in all channels;There was no significant interaction between judo-specific training×acute stress in all channels.2.Relationship between judo special training,acute stress and attention orientation network efficiency and neural activity:There was a significant difference between judo athletes and ordinary college students in the response of attention orientation network task(F（1,58）=5.835,p=0.019),and there was no significant statistical difference in accuracy(F（1,58）=0.019,p=0.891).There was no statistically significant difference between the task response of the attentional orientation network with acute stress and general pressure(F（1,58）=0.094,p=0.761),and the accuracy rate also showed no statistically significant difference(F（1,58）=1.214,p=0.275),indicating that acute stress had no effect on the efficiency of the attention-directed network.There was no significant interaction between judo training and acute stress on the efficiency of attention orientation network(F（1,58）=0.332,p=0.566)and accuracy(F（1,58）=0.595,p=0.443).During the orientation network task,the main effect of judo special training on channel 7(F（1,58）=4.914,p=0.031)and channel 22(F（1,58）=6.494,p=0.013)in the prefrontal Broka area was significant,which showed that the activity of judo athletes in the Broca area was higher than that of ordinary college students,and the main effect of other channel judo special training was not significant.The main effect of acute pressure on channel 8(F（1,58）=4.737,p=0.034)in the premotor cortex region was significant,and the acute pressure was lower than that general pressure,and the main effect of acute pressure in other channels was not significant.All channel judo special training×acute stress interaction effect was not significant.3.The relationship between judo special training,acute stress and the efficiency of the attention execution control network and its neural activity:In the response of the attention execution control network task,the main effect of judo special training was significant(F（1,58）=4.171,p=0.046),and the response of judoka athletes was higher than that of ordinary college students,and the main effect of judo special training was not significant in the accuracy rate(F（1,58）=1.338,p=0.252),indicating that judo special training was related to lower efficiency of attention execution control network.In the response to the control task,the main effect of acute pressure was not significant(F（1,58）=0.724,p=0.398),and the main effect of acute pressure was not significant(F（1,58）=0.724,p=0.398)in terms of accuracy,indicating that acute stress had no effect on the efficiency of the attention execution control network.There was no statistically significant interaction between judo training and acute stress on the efficiency of attention execution control network(F（1,58）=3.159,p=0.081)and accuracy(F（1,58）=3.159,p=0.081).During the task of controlling the network,channel 11(F（1,58）=4.116,p=0.047)in the frontal region of the prefrontal lobe of the brain had a significant main effect of judo special training,and the activation degree of judoka athletes was lower than that of ordinary college students.The main effect of acute stress,the interaction effect of judo special training×acute stress were not statistically significant.Conclusions1.Acute stress has no effect on the efficiency of the attention network,but it reduces the activity of the prefrontal prelobe motor cortex during the orientation network task.2.Judo special training will reduce the efficiency of attention orientation network and execution control network.Special training in judo reduces the activity of the dorsolateral prefrontal region during alert network tasks and the prefrontal polar region during control network tasks;Increase the activity of the prefrontal pole zone during alert network tasks and the prefrontal Broca region during directional network tasks. |
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