The Influence Of Cognitive Appraisal On Penalty Kick Performance Of Young Football Players Under Pressure

In the competitive field,football players will bear great psychological pressure when they take penalty kicks.The pressure of competitive games will affect the performance level of athletes.The Transactional model of stress,as the mainstream framework to explain the individual ’s response to stress,regards the individual ’s cognitive evaluation when coping with stress as the key,rather than the actual stress situation.If the individual believes that the potential threat has little effect on themselves,then it cannot constitute pressure,nor can it have a negative impact.According to the Transactional model of stress and BPSM model,the level of cognitive evaluation may play a regulatory role between stress and exercise performance.About this part of the research,most scholars tend to use direct manipulation to control the cognitive evaluation state of the subjects in the experimental study.Few scholars use the level of cognitive evaluation as a moderator between stress and exercise performance.More research on cognitive evaluation focuses on adult athletes,while adolescents are at a critical stage of physical and mental development,and the level of cognitive evaluation is more susceptible to external or internal influences.This study focused on young football players.In study 1,two situations of high pressure and low pressure were set up to test,and the cognitive evaluation scores of participants under different pressure situations were measured.The test task was football penalty shot.There are three penalty shots in the high pressure situation and the low pressure situation respectively.During the experiment,the athletes were monitored throughout the experiment by wearing heart rate watchbands and filling in scales.The purpose of this stage of research is to explore the impact of stress on the performance of young athletes ’ football penalty,and whether cognitive evaluation has a moderating effect between stress and football penalty performance.According to the results of study1,study 2 continued to manipulate the young football players in study 1,and randomly manipulated the challenge evaluation state or threat evaluation state under different cognitive evaluation levels.Considering that the cognitive evaluation level of athletes can better reflect the difference of penalty performance in high pressure situation,study2 will only carry out penalty task in high pressure situation.The results are as follows :1)Pressure interferes with the performance of football penalty kick skills,and football penalty kick scores decline under high pressure situations.2)Cognitive evaluation is a moderating variable between pressure and football skill performance,and low cognitive evaluation can alleviate the adverse effects of pressure on football skill performance.3)For the high cognitive evaluation group,the penalty kick skill performance of football was better in the challenge evaluation state;For the low cognitive assessment group,there was no significant difference between challenge assessment state and threat assessment state.The results of the study suggest that psychological training can help athletes exercise a good mentality in the face of the game.The positive cognitive evaluation level reflects good psychological ability.Psychological ability can be improved through acquired training like technique and tactics.The research puts forward the psychological training methods to improve the cognitive evaluation level of young football players:the psychological training methods in the preparation period include self-confidence training,attention training,goal setting training and imagery training;the psychological training methods during the competition period include simulation training,systematic desensitization training,respiratory regulation and self-suggestion training;recovery psychological training methods include relaxation training.