The Research And Design Of Key Modules Of Silicon-Based Millimeter-Wave Phase-Locked Loop

In the wireless communication system,the radio frequency transceiver module plays an important role.As an important part of the radio frequency transceiver module,the phaselocked loop provides the local oscillator signal for the radio frequency transceiver module,and its phase noise is very important to the communication quality.Phase-frequency detector(PFD),charge pump(CP),and voltage-controlled oscillator(VCO)are the main components of phaselocked loop and play an important role in its locking time,phase noise,frequency tuning range and so on.Given the above hot issues,this paper firstly introduces the key knowledge of the charge pump phase-locked loop.Based on the requirements of the 60 GHz phased array system,the system scheme of the 60 GHz phase-locked loop is proposed,and the behavior-level simulation verification is carried out.Then,the basic theory,circuit design,layout,electromagnetic simulation,and post-simulation verification of phase-frequency detector,charge pump,and voltage-controlled oscillator modules are expounded respectively.In this paper,the chip design is completed based on the TSMC 40 nm CMOS process.The post-simulation of the circuit is performed at the TT process of 27°C,the SS process of-40°C,and the FF process of 125°C.Firstly,an improved edge-triggered phase-frequency detector is proposed.In order to prevent the dead zone and reduce the anti-dead zone pulse width,a 2-bit programmable pulse width control is designed.The circuit has simple structure,stable performance and low power consumption.Then a high-speed programmable charge pump is proposed.In order to improve the current matching characteristics,the charge pump uses a current matching amplifier and a suppressing charge sharing amplifier to improve performance,design a 2-bit coarse adjustment control to adjust the output current,design a clock feedthrough cancellation circuit and a 5-bit fine-tuning circuit.Adjust the control to solve the current mismatch.When the circuit works at100 MHz,the phase-frequency detector has no dead zone,and the anti-dead zone pulse width is adjustable by 2 bits(278ns,381 ns,484ns,588ns),and the phase detection range is greater than[-1.88π,1.88π].The output current of the charge pump is 50～200μA,and the charge and discharge current error is adjustable within 5 bits within [-5.7%,5.84%].When the output voltage changes from 0.15～0.85 V,the current mismatch is less than 0.32%,and the area is only167μm*100μm.In order to solve the problem of phase noise difference of millimeter-wave VCO,a lownoise VCO using a high-Q transformer to realize positive feedback is proposed,and the noise filtering technology is used to optimize the phase noise;the large frequency adjustment range is Another difficulty of this design is that the design uses a combination of switched capacitors and variable capacitors to expand the bandwidth.The voltage-controlled oscillator is at TT process of 27°C,the frequency adjustment range is 19.2～23.57 GHz,and the phase noise is-110.2～-106.5d Bc/Hz@1MHz;in all cases,the frequency covers 20.65～22.45 GHz,and the phase noise is-111.4～-101.2d Bc/Hz@1MHz,the amplitude is greater than 1.01 Vpp,the power consumption is less than 11.1m W,and the area is 273μm * 260μm.