Research On Multi-owner RFID Authentication And Ownership Transfer Protocol Based On Blockchain

RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification)is a technology that can automatically identify the designated entity without physical contact.It establishes a connection with the RFID chip attached to the entity through Radio Frequency signal and obtains relevant data information from it.It has been widely used in logistics,transportation,medical equipment management and other fields.But in the RFID tags and readers in the system using wireless way session,it is easy to encounter all sorts of illegal attacks,such as track,intercept,information disclosure,cheating,and the owner of the label in some applications may be more than one,security of which is more complex,the effective security and privacy protection technology must be researched.In addition,considering the high deployment and maintenance cost of traditional RFID back-end database and the trust problem of cloud-based back-end database,this thesis mainly studies the RFID system based on blockchain to achieve back-end database.Blockchain is decentralized,stores data that cannot be rewritten and can be traced back to historical data,which has higher security,but there are still security and privacy issues that need to be resolved.At the same time,the ownership of the label will be transferred as the goods are circulated,ensuring that the privacy of the original owner and the new owner is not compromised.In addition,the hardware resources of tags are limited and the low cost requirements are met,which makes it difficult to directly apply the traditional complex cryptography technology.In view of these problems,this thesis studies the multi-owner RFID authentication and ownership transfer protocol based on block chain,and the results are as follows:Firstly,a multi-owner RFID authentication protocol based on blockchain is proposed.The protocol uses the Shamir threshold scheme to achieve the recovery of the label key and the distribution of the owner’s sub-key,and solves the problems of the privacy of RFID data and the tag’s large calculation caused by key management through the combination of smart contracts in the blockchain and fully homomorphic encryption.At the same time,the two-way authentication between the tag and multiple readers is realized.The security of the protocol is analyzed through informal analysis and formal proof based on BAN logic respectively.At the same time,the performance of label calculation and communication in the protocol is analyzed,and compared with similar protocols at home and abroad.The results show that the protocol is safe and effective.Secondly,a multi-owner RFID tag ownership transfer protocol based on blockchain is proposed.In this protocol,the tag only needs to achieve mutual authentication with the new owner,and the owner’s subkey is updated in the blockchain,without the need for other tag owners to participate in communication.Encryption can reduce the calculation amount of the tag and the number of communication times of the protocol on the premise of ensuring the privacy of RFID data.Informal analysis of the protocol’s forward/backward security,untraceability and mutual authentication is carried out,and the security of the protocol is proved and verified by using BAN logic and AVISPA tools,and the results show that the protocol is secure.Compared with similar protocols,this protocol has obvious advantages in performance such as label calculation amount and protocol communication times.