Research On The Impact Of Educational Development On The Urban-rural Income Ga

Education is not only the fundamental means for a country to enhance its comprehensive national strength and promote scientific and technological progress,but also the only way for individuals to develop comprehensively,realize the value of life,and benefit others and society.Educational development is the key to the rise and fall of national fortunes and personal value.Since the reform and opening up,China has attached great importance to the development of education,actively introduced policies conducive to education reform,continuously increased financial investment in education,and paid close attention to education in rural areas,poverty-stricken areas and poor families.In 2020,the “Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan(2010-2020)”will come to an end.The government will deepen the development and reform of our country’s education from the perspectives of development tasks,institutional reforms and safeguard measures,and adhere to socialism with Chinese characteristics.It has built the world’s largest education system.However,with the rapid economic growth and the vigorous development of education,the overall level of our country’s urban-rural income gap is much higher than the international Gini coefficient warning line,which cannot be ignored.Education is the main means to improve the level of human capital,promote scientific and technological progress,and then promote economic growth and increase residents’ income.Therefore,this paper takes basic education in Shandong Province as an example,and uses municipal panel data to explore the impact of education development on the urban-rural income gap.This paper mainly adopts two research methods: literature research method and empirical research method.First,using the literature research method,it sorts out theories about the urban-rural income gap and education development,and summarizes the mechanism of educational development on the urban-rural income gap.In the theoretical research part,the relevant theoretical systems are firstly sorted out from the perspective of education development,and the theoretical relationship between education,human capital level and income level is analyzed;then,the reasons for the uneven development of spatial economy are analyzed from the perspective of spatial income gap;From the perspective of unbalanced urban-rural development,it summarizes the causes of unbalanced urban-rural development and Chinese solutions.In the part of mechanism analysis,this paper analyzes the impact of education on the average wage level and innovation level from both micro and macro perspectives,which in turn affects the urban-rural income gap.Secondly,the empirical study is based on the municipal panel data of 16 cities in Shandong Province from 2000 to 2020,and uses the panel data smooth transition regression model to explore the impact of education development on the urban-rural income gap.By adding a series of indicators measuring changes in the external economic environment as transformation variables,a nonlinear model of the impact of education development on the urban-rural income gap under different economic development environments is constructed.The empirical results show that changes in the external economic development environment will lead to significant differences in the impact of educational development on the income gap between urban and rural areas in Shandong Province.First,the urban registered unemployment rate has the most significant effect on the impact of education development on the urban-rural income gap,indicating that reducing the unemployment rate is an important way to improve the urban-rural income gap through education.Second,the high school teacher-student ratio and high school gross enrolment ratio can usually narrow the urban-rural income gap,but after the educational expenses are used as a conversion variable to reach the position parameter value,the high school teacher-student ratio turns to widen the urbanrural income gap,which may be related to the educational expenses.Unequal distribution between urban and rural areas.In general,with the development of the external economic environment,the increase of the teacher-student ratio and the gross enrollment rate of high school has a significant impact on the narrowing of the urbanrural income gap.Afterwards,the robustness test of the model was completed by using the method of adding control variables,the regression method by region and the method of replacing the explained variable.Finally,the significance of the mechanism of action was tested by the mediation effect model.Finally,based on the empirical results,this paper makes the following recommendations.First,the registered urban unemployment rate in Shandong Province plays a major role in the impact mechanism of educational development on the urbanrural income gap.Cities should pay close attention to the registered urban unemployment rate in their region and formulate macro-control policies to stabilize employment.Secondly,in the context of the continuous increase of educational expenses in Shandong Province,the uneven distribution of educational expenses between urban and rural areas may lead to the increase of educational expenses and the consequences of further widening the gap between urban and rural areas.Promote poverty alleviation through education.Finally,since the teacher-student ratio of high school and the gross enrollment rate of high school have a significant effect on narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas in Shandong Province,cities should formulate reasonable policies to increase the supply of high school teacher resources and strive to ensure the gross enrollment rate of ordinary high schools.