Research On Efficient Execution Method Of Blockchain Smart Contracts

Blockchain has gained more and more attention and applications due to its decentralized,traceable,and tamper-proof characteristics.The application of smart contract technology on the blockchain enables the execution of more complex business logic and expands the application scenarios of the blockchain to many industries.With the landing of a large number of blockchain applications,the performance issues of the blockchain have gradually become a bottleneck for its further development.In recent years,a lot of research has been done to improve the performance of the blockchain by improving the blockchain system architecture and optimizing consensus algorithms.However,the efficiency of smart contract execution has increasingly become a performance bottleneck for the blockchain system.Currently,most blockchain systems adopt a single-threaded serial execution mechanism for smart contract execution,and the execution is synchronized during the consensus process.In response to the efficiency issues caused by this execution mechanism,this article proposes two execution models,parallel execution and asynchronous execution,to improve the efficiency of smart contract execution.The main contributions of this article are as follows:(1)In response to the efficiency issues caused by the single-threaded serial execution mechanism,a parallel execution model based on a global scheduling queue is proposed.In this model,the contract is considered as the smallest conflict unit.By constructing a global scheduling queue,similar contract calls are divided into different stages in the queue before contract execution to achieve conflict-free deterministic parallel execution.For conflicts caused by cross-contract calls during contract execution,the called contract is delayed in the queue according to a certain rule to avoid conflicts and ensure the execution order is deterministic.Finally,serial execution of calls to the same contract is achieved from a global perspective,while calls to different contracts are executed in parallel.(2)In response to the efficiency issues caused by the synchronous execution mechanism of contracts during consensus,an asynchronous execution model combined with PBFT is proposed.In this model,the contract execution process is separated from the consensus process,allowing the consensus process to move on to the next stage without waiting for the contract execution results.All read and write operations of state data during contract execution are recorded in the cache,and the cache data is verified and written into the underlying database for state data changes after contract execution is completed.Within the fault-tolerance capacity of the consensus algorithm,the execution order of blocks is consistent with the synchronous execution model,and the consistency and correctness of data written by different nodes are guaranteed.