| Museum policy is the guidance and regulation made by relevant national departments on the development orientation,objectives,tasks and specific implementation measures of museums in a certain period of time,which plays an important guiding role in the development of museums.Historically,the formulation and implementation of museum policies are influenced by many factors,and they are the product of interaction with the social development level,people’s needs,technological conditions and the foundation of museums themselves.Therefore,the history of museum policy development is not only a miniature of the history of museum development,but also a historical mirror for the future development of museum policy.Since reforming and opening up,our country has introduced a large number of museum related policies.These policies are not only to solve the main contradiction faced by the development of museums at that time,but also reflect the interaction between museum undertakings and social environment,which is of important research value.However,most of the current academic researches focus on some specific policies or policies in a certain field,and there is no macro analysis and judgment on the development and changes of museum policies from the perspective of historical development.Based on this,this study determines the theme of "Policy changes of Chinese museums since the reform and opening up",selects 230 policy documents from 1978 to 2022 as research objects,and carries out an empirical study on the overall characteristics,content characteristics and logic of policy changes.First of all,based on the national strategic objectives and the release time of important policies of museums in different periods,the history of museum policy development is divided into four stages: restoration and adjustment(1978-1996),exploration and development(1997-2004),innovation and construction(2008-2014)and standardization improvement(2015-2022).Secondly,with the help of NVivo12,a qualitative analysis tool to visualize the overall characteristics of 230 policies,it shows that the number of museum policies in our country is on the rise,especially in the innovation and construction phase and the improvement of norms,the growth is rapid.In terms of subject matter,the notification category is the most,and the overall effectiveness is not high.As for the main body of the publication,the State Administration of Cultural Heritage accounts for a relatively high proportion,and the diversification of policy participation needs to be strengthened.Thirdly,the content of the policy text is coded,the core nodes of the three dimensions of policy objective,policy content and policy means are summarized,and the process of policy change in these three dimensions and the characteristics of each sub-node are analyzed by descriptive statistics through the visualization function of NVivo12.Finally,the paper summarizes the characteristics of museum policies in the four stages one by one,analyzes the logic of changes of museum policies since the reform and opening up,and draws the conclusion that the changes of policies are consistent with the changes of policy environment,from government-led to the concept of joint participation,from problem-oriented to strategic layout.In general,the change of museum policy since the reform and opening up is a process of the gradual improvement of museum policy system,which plays an important role in the development of museum undertakings.However,deficiencies in policy development also exist objectively,including low overall policy effectiveness,less coordination among policy subjects,unbalanced use of policy means and weak response to national macro-cultural strategies.In view of this,it is necessary to further improve the coercive effectiveness of museum policies,emphasize the coordination among policy-making bodies,build a perfect museum policy system,implement the supporting policies,pay attention to the diversification and multidimensional policy means,and pay attention to strengthening the strategic positioning of "museum power",and make more efforts in promoting cultural exchanges and strengthening cultural confidence in museums.The study focuses on the history of museum policy development since China’s reform and opening up,which is expected to promote the theoretical accumulation of the study of museum policy change,expand the perspective and scope of the study of museum history,and the relevant findings and conclusions are also instructive for the future museum policy formulation and museum development.At the same time,although the research has collected as detailed as possible the policy documents since the reform and opening up,due to the difficulty of finding the early documents,the research may not cover all the policy texts.In addition,the researcher’s theoretical vision is still short,and the macro understanding of the development history of Chinese museum needs to be strengthened,which may also affect the depth of research objectively. |
