Research On Pricing And Joint Emission Reduction Strategy Of Low-carbon Dual-Channel Supply Chain Considering Blockchain

The control and reduction of carbon emissions has become a common focus of the world.Under the constraints of relevant laws and regulations,more and more enterprises gradually realize the importance of reducing carbon emissions and start to improve their production processes and produce low-carbon products.Under the background of "Internet+",more and more enterprises have opened direct sales channels to sell low-carbon products,and a low-carbon dual-channel supply chain model has emerged.At the same time,as the awareness of low carbon continues to deepen,members of the supply chain actively participate in joint emission reduction,but only relying on the joint emission reduction of upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain can not solve the problem of information asymmetry in the low-carbon dual-channel supply chain,and the application of blockchain technology can well solve this problem.The combination of blockchain technology and supply chain carbon emission reduction can free the members of low-carbon dual-channel supply chain from the dilemma of profit damage caused by information asymmetry and improve the overall benefit and social welfare of low-carbon dual-channel supply chain.Against the above background,a mathematical model of low-carbon dual-channel supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer and a single retailer is constructed,and theoretical knowledge and methods such as game theory,operations research,Maple solving and numerical analysis are integrated to explore the problem of pricing decision and joint emission reduction strategy of low-carbon dual-channel supply chain under the influence of blockchain.First,according to the adoption or non-adoption of blockchain technology and the joint abatement mode,the low-carbon dual-channel supply chain is divided into four scenarios:no blockchain technology abatement cost-sharing mode,no blockchain technology low-carbon product promotion mode,blockchain technology abatement cost-sharing mode,and blockchain technology low-carbon product promotion mode.The parameters of cost-sharing ratio of emission reduction,level of low-carbon product promotion,consumer trust in low-carbon products,carbon emission misreporting factor,and blockchain usage level are also introduced.Secondly,the optimal solutions of the four models are solved,and the relationship between supply chain pricing,profit and total social welfare under the four models are compared horizontally and vertically.Finally,the impact of carbon misrepresentation factor,consumer trust in low-carbon products,cost-sharing ratio and carbon emission factor on manufacturers’ emission reduction efforts,supply chain members’ profits and total social welfare is visualized with the help of case studies.In this way,we verify the veracity and reliability of the model results and facilitate the supply chain members to make optimal decisions.The main conclusions obtained are as follows:①Without blockchain technology,manufacturer profit,environmental benefit,consumer surplus,supply chain profit,and total social welfare increase as consumer trust in low-carbon products increases,retailer profit increases in the low-carbon advocacy model,and retailer profit increases in the cost-sharing model when the costsharing ratio is in a certain range.With the increase of carbon emission misrepresentation factor of manufacturers,the degree of misrepresentation decreases,retailer profit,manufacturer profit,consumer surplus,and supply chain profit will decrease,environmental benefit will increase,and total social welfare will first increase and then decrease.The emission reduction cost-sharing model is more likely to increase manufacturers’ emission reduction efforts,while the low-carbon product promotion model is more likely to increase consumer demand.When the cost-sharing ratio of emission reduction is in a certain range,the environmental benefits,consumer surplus,supply chain profit and total social welfare are higher under the emission reduction costsharing model than the low-carbon product promotion model,and beyond this range the low-carbon product promotion model is higher.②With the adoption of blockchain technology,the level of blockchain use is equal under the two joint abatement models.Retailer profits,manufacturer profits,environmental benefits,consumer surplus,government revenues,supply chain profits,and total social welfare increase as the carbon emission factor per unit of product decreases or channel competition decreases.The emission reduction cost-sharing model is more likely to increase the level of manufacturers’ emission reduction efforts,while the low-carbon product promotion model is more likely to increase consumer demand.When the emission reduction cost sharing ratio is in a certain range,the environmental benefits,consumer surplus,government revenue,supply chain profit and total social welfare are higher under the emission reduction cost sharing model than the low carbon product promotion model,and beyond this range the low carbon product promotion model is higher.③The level of manufacturers’ emission reduction efforts and retailers’ low-carbon product promotion are consistently greater after the adoption of blockchain than when blockchain is not adopted.When the manufacturer’s carbon emission misreporting factor per unit of product is smaller,i.e.,the misreporting level is higher,the retailer’s profit,the manufacturer’s profit and the supply chain profit are all higher after adopting blockchain than when blockchain is not adopted,and blockchain technology can both suppress the manufacturer’s carbon emission misreporting and increase the profit of supply chain members.Under certain conditions,the adoption of blockchain can improve the profits of supply chain members,environmental benefits and total social welfare,and the government can only charge a suitable cost per unit of blockchain use to make manufacturers actively participate in blockchain use and improve total social welfare.