Study On The Reform Of Multi-level Pension System In Foreign Countries

Pension system is one of the important components of modern social security system.It is of great significance to safeguard national life,maintain national stability and promote economic development.A country’s pension system should be in line with its economic,political,social and demographic background.Only by adapting to local conditionsand changing with time,can we achieve sustainable development.Pension system originated in Germany and developed rapidly after World War II.By the middle of the 20 th century,western developed countries have established welfare states which provide citizens with comprehensive security from cradle to grave,and have made great contributions to the stability and development of Western society.However,since the 1970 s,the economic crisis has had a certain impact on the western countries.The aging of the population has brought great pressure on the financial balance of pensions.In addition,the problem of "welfare dependence" under the high welfare has gradually exposed.The welfare state model has gradually become a heavy burden for the western countries.With the rise of neo-liberalism,many countries in the world have adopted the reform of multi-level pension system.In order to cope with the transformation of economic system,the reform of state-owned enterprises and the challenge of aging,China began to explore the reform of multi-level pension system in 1991,trying to establish a multi-level pension system with multi-subjectivity.However,after more than 20 years of development,although a series of reforms have achieved some results,it has not established a multi-level pension system in practical sense.The three levels of development are extremely unbalanced,the two and three pillars of development stagnate,the basic pension relies excessively on financial subsidies,the huge "empty account" generated by personal accounts,and the imbalance of basic pension financial revenue and expenditure caused by the aging of the population remain to be solved.The purpose of this paper is to break the original thinking mode of simply drawing lessons from the reform experience of other countries,to analyze the economic and social reasons of the multi-level pension system reform in Britain and Germany from the perspective of the reform motivation,and to analyze the convergence and difference of the reform motivation.This paper studies the similar motives to the reform of China’s multi-level pension system,and puts forward concrete and feasible suggestions for the reform of China’s multi-level pension system on the basis of referring to the reform measures and their effectiveness.