Research On Rural Multi-level Social Pension Security System In China

Old farmers been supported is an arduous task that China must complete during modernization process, farmers should share the achievements of economic and social development. Comparing with urban social pension security system which lagged behind economic and social development, farmer old-age system is low in the whole security system, and currently the system is only at the initial stage. In this context, researching how to build a framework for rural social old-age security system, is undoubtedly of great theoretical and practical significance.Over the years, the elderly living in rural China in general is not high. Main pension rely on families and individuals, and only some parts of rural elderly people can enjoy one of the few pension.90's of last century, the government tried to establish rural social old-age security system, but ultimately ineffective. These are the study of Chinese rural social old-age security system to begin with.Rural elderly live in poverty the root is insufficient accumulation of pension resources caused by institutional factors. The Chinese government has long taken the priority of heavy industry development strategy of catching style, and through planned economic system, the urban-rural dual structure solidified. In a strict household registration system, farmers are limited to relatively weak agricultural production sector, long the "workers and peasants scissors" primitive accumulation of funds to countries. Particularly before the household contract responsibility system, the enthusiasm for production was depressed severely for system not consistent with the actual economic system, and this is the primary cause of old-age farmers lack the accumulation of resources. On the other hand, the state adopted a discriminatory tax and social security system to further increase the contrast between urban and rural China. Therefore, the state has the responsibility for rural old-age security system to provide appropriate subsidies. It also determines the rural old-age security system should be based on two aspects of welfare and insurance, and not just rely on the insurance only.The failure of 90's of last century building rural social insurance system should be a seriously lesson, and it reflects some deep-rooted reasons which restricted system establishment. Compared with the current national strength, the State was not rich when established the rural social insurance system. But we can not be entirely attributed to the failure of economic factors, and farmers are lack of political voice is the crux of the problem. From the world history of social security system, we can come to one conclusion:the social security system depends not only on economic factors, but also depends on political factors. Many countries are less well-off when set up their own social security system. Alone in terms of rural old-age security system, there are many developing countries walk in the front of the Chinese. China is currently undergoing many positive changes, which are conducive to rural social old-age security system in the building. The growth of economic power and more political progress of civilization all provide realistic conditions for the establishment of rural old-age security system.In the study of Chinese social security system, pension security situation of migrant workers deserve special attention. They have made great contributions in China's economic development, but in many cases, they not only failed to become the beneficiaries, and have actually become victims of ill-conceived system. Specific to the social security system, many migrant workers insured they surrender. In fact they do not enjoy any benefits of system, and their overall capital account no longer belongs to them all. Surrender tens of millions of acts of the factors behind the system defects. During the design of social security, must fully consider the characteristics of migrant workers and protect their interests. A substantial part of the migrant workers will eventually return to rural areas, the government should through appropriate design incorporate them into rural social old-age security system. For eventual integration into the city's migrant workers, the government can guide them to join pension insurance system of urban workers. Setting up a separate social security system for migrant workers would be more harm than good.Rural social security is facing the greatest danger of the coagulation of a fragmentation system, which would be greatly harmful in the long run. The practice of the present system, is lack of uniform guidance and norms, so different regions established a greater variety of insurance systems. These systems are different for different groups of farmers, all systems, particularly between developed and less developed regions'are huge different. Even less the same level of economic development in neighboring areas, systems will be different for various reasons. Rural social security system has become fragmented. Fortunately the same time, the current fragmented system has not yet solidified. The resistance of central government to integrate fragmented systems is relatively small, so this is a very valuable time window. If the system has been solidified throughout, then there would be heavy resistance to any reform. Many countries represented by France, their integration of fragmented social security system have all failed, and their national developments were therefore limited. China should draw profound lessons, and set up system of the formation of the unified situation in the early stage early in the system. The current political, economic and other conditions are in place, is to establish a national-level old-age security system in rural history of time.Basic theory of social security and references of foreign experiences are the basis of this study. The world has formed a variety of forms of rural old-age security, such as welfare-based old-age security, insurance-based old-age pensions and relief-type protection. Regardless of their theory and practice are in China's rural social old-age security system designed to help greatly. The World Bank proposed a "multi-pillar old-age security model", which brings together practical experience and wisdom from around the world, has a strong reference. On the basis of the above, the paper design of the Chinese multi-level rural social old-age security system framework consists of three levels. The first level is the central government financial supported and non-contributory pension benefits system. The starting point is a compensation for the rural elderly, to share the fruits of economic development. This level of funding comes from the national stock of wealth, not based on the then revenue. The second level is the payment pension system in rural areas. Government takes appropriate concessions, to attract voluntary participation of farmers. According to payment of fees determine actuarial treatment of the future. These two levels of the system are for all farmers, including migrant workers, and the overall level is the national level. The third level is local funding supported relief system, including the rural minimum living security system and the five-guarantee system, to determine beneficiaries by the Family Planning Survey. Also it can attract the appropriate form of NGO organizations and other social forces involved.The use of AHP analysis quantitative analyze on established factors of the rural social old-age security system. Put forward a series of measures to facilitate the establishment and operation of rural social old-age security system:establish the highest level of institutions to promote the system, establish legal protection, optimizate management and operation system, reformthe associated supporting policies, and so on. The innovation of this paper include:first, Design of a national unity, the central government to bear the main responsibility of China's rural social old-age security system at multiple levels. Second, proposed the use of national stock of wealth for the welfare of farmers with non-contributory old-age pensions problem solution.