From "Responsible Land" To "All-round Contract"

As a basic economic system in China’s rural areas,Fengyang "big package" has a very significant position in the history of rural reform.The success of "all-inclusive" reform is not achieved overnight,and its thought and practice have their own historical origins.As early as 1961,Zeng Xisheng took the lead in promoting the "responsible farmland" in Anhui province in order to change the situation of slow rural economic development.Although "responsible farmland" had a significant effect on mobilizing farmers’ enthusiasm and increasing grain production,it failed to break through the shackles of ideology because of the people’s commune movement at that time.The practice of "responsible farmland" not only left good memories for the cadres and masses at that time,but also laid a solid mass foundation for the later implementation of "all the land".It was with the attempt of "responsible farmland" that The Mahu Commune introduced the "co-production payment system" for tobacco cash crops in 1978 to motivate farmers by calculating the remuneration based on the output.However,both "responsible farmland" and "combined production pay" take the production team as the accounting unit,the method is too cumbersome,fundamentally failed to solve the drawbacks of egalitarianism.At this time the masses for the idea of "doing everything" has been vividly vividly.However,under the leadership of the "left" wrong line at that time,neither "joint production pay" nor "lump sum" was allowed,both breaking through the central government’s policy of "three-level ownership and team-based".In the face of the urgent hope of the masses,provincial and county party committees represented by Wan Li and Chen Tingyuan protected and supported the reform.It was not until the third Plenary Session of the eleventh Central Committee of the CPC re-established the ideological line of seeking truth from facts that Fengyang’s "all-inclusive" was justified by Deng Xiaoping’s affirmation.The success of fengyang’s "all-inclusive" reform cannot be separated from the leadership of the CPC Central Committee seeking truth from facts and the protection and support of Anhui Provincial Party Committee and Fengyang County Party Committee for "all-inclusive".However,the fundamental reason for its success was that under the background of The Times at that time,farmers forced the transformation of production relations due to poverty.Through practice,they explored and innovated the land system again and again,which liberated the productive forces and promoted the rapid recovery and steady development of China’s agricultural economy.Through combing the process of fengyang rural land system reform and summing up its basic experience,it will undoubtedly provide strong support for the future rural revitalization and rural deepening reform.