Research On Currency And Capital In Das Kapital

In the third volume of Das Kapital,Marx criticized the confusion of currency and capital among the banking school scholars represented by Tucker Thomas and John Fulton.Both currency and capital play an important role in capitalist production,which must be clearly defined in the study of capitalist production mode.Therefore,this paper will focus on Marx’s "Das Kapital" volume one,volume three and manuscript on the currency and capital issues.Based on the text of Das Kapital,this paper firstly combs and compares the relationship between currency and capital,and expounds the difference and connection between currency and capital from three aspects.In view of the difference between currency and capital,this paper discusses the historical conditions of their emergence,their historical life and use value.First of all,the emergence of currency has nothing to do with social nature,but is the product of the development of productive forces and Commodity Exchange itself.Capital,as a form of production factors,is the product of a specific mode of production,and will appear only when the capitalist mode of production with value proliferation as its core is established.Secondly,both currency and capital have different historical missions,and they will withdraw from the historical stage when their historical missions are completed.As a form of value,it is impossible to abolish currency so long as distribution and exchange are carried out in the form of value.However,capital with the purpose of value multiplication will lose the meaning of its existence when it can no longer obtain value multiplication because of excess capital,and as a means to promote the development of productive forces,capital will eventually withdraw from the historical stage because it becomes a resistance to the development of productive forces.Finally,currency mainly has five use values: value measure,circulation means,storage means,payment means and world currency.The use value of capital is to realize value multiplication,and this kind of value multiplication is the multiplication of capital’s own movement.Currency and capital are closely related.Firstly,Both are the existence of value and the existence form of abstract labor.Currency is separated from the commodity world and used to exchange with commodities,representing the abstract labor contained in commodities.Capital is the abstract condensation of finished general labor.Secondly,the two can be transformed into each other.The absolute form of currency is money,while money is the possible form of capital."The final product of commodity circulation is the original form of capital",the final product of commodity circulation is the absolute form of currency--money,while capital exists everywhere in the form of money at the beginning in history.To realize capitalization,labor force needs to appear in the market as a commodity.Finally,capital is the condensation of general value that has been completed,and value multiplication can only be realized in the movement.Since value cannot be seen or felt,no matter industrial capital,commercial capital or loan capital,they all need to use currency as an intermediary to express the movement of value.After sorting out the relationship between money and capital,this paper analyzes the criticism of the confusion of money and capital in Das Kapital from two perspectives.This paper describes the false appearance of the confusion between currency and capital from the perspective of circulation and demand,and reveals the causes of the confusion,so as to correct the intrinsic relationship between currency and capital in circulation and the nature of demand for currency and capital in demand.The confusion of currency and capital in the field of circulation is manifested in the categorization of currency and capital according to the field of circulation,and the difference between the money form as income and the money form as capital is understood as the difference between currency and capital.In fact no matter in which field of circulation,circulation are circulating medium itself,but circulation method is a kind of use value of currency,currency will act as a circulating medium circulation of alternating between the two areas,that is to say,this is a kind of money in circulation means when the difference between the role of different functions,rather than the difference between the currency and capital.The confusion of money capital in the field of demand is partly a continuation of the confusion in the field of circulation,and partly due to the emergence of the business of bank lending money.John Fulton mistakenly identified the demand for monetary credit as the same as the receipt of lending capital and the receipt of additional capital.In fact,the shortage of loan money capital is not directly manifested as the shortage of capital,the loan may only be the means of circulation.In order to recognize the lack of capital or circulation means in the field of demand,we need to fundamentally understand the nature of the demand for currency and the demand for capital: people’s demand for currency is the demand for means of purchase or payment,while the demand for capital is the demand for expanding reproduction.