| As the first step in the distribution of national income,wage income is an important link to promote common prosperity."The distribution system is the basic system for promoting common prosperity," it was pointed out in the report.In the reform of our income distribution system,we need to focus on the continuous increase of workers’ wages.From the long-term perspective,the increase of labor share can promote the consumption level of workers,which is conducive to the long-term sustainable development of the economy.China’s macro-level data show that the labor income share presents a U-shaped trend,and the export dependency shows an "inverted U-shaped" trend.Therefore,estimating the impact of foreign trade on the labor market income share is not only helpful to understand the change of the labor market structure and the evolution of income under the background of open economy,but also helpful to explore the causes of the change of labor share.In recent years,it is the focus of academic research to investigate the causes of labor income share changes from the perspective of micro enterprises.Since our country joined the World Trade Organization,the export trade is constantly expanding,the export trade has promoted the economic development of our country,especially played an important role in the economic development of eastern regions,but the relationship between export enterprises and labor income of export enterprises is still a more controversial research topic.Based on the above actual situation,this paper uses the micro-data at the enterprise level to explore the relationship between the export behavior of enterprises and the labor income share of enterprises.Through matching the database of listed companies and the customs data database from 2000 to 2016,the empirical analysis was carried out using propensity score matching and multi-period DID.The results show that the export of enterprises has an inhibitory effect on the labor share of enterprises.Compared with the enterprises with no export behavior,the export of enterprises reduces the labor share by about 9.85%.Export significantly reduced the labor income share of enterprises in eastern China,but had no significant impact on central and western China.The influence of export on the share of labor income of enterprises shows a negative relationship.The research finds that compared with small and medium-sized enterprises,the negative effect of export of large enterprises is more significant.Compared with non-state-owned enterprises,export of most state-owned enterprises has a strong inhibitory effect on the share of labor income.Through the mechanism test,it is found that the export of enterprises has a negative impact on the wage effect and labor productivity,which indicates that the export of enterprises can inhibit the growth of the income share of employees by inhibiting the wage effect and productivity.From the perspective of export intensity,the empirical results show that in enterprises with low export intensity,the increase of export intensity will increase the share of labor income.Through theoretical and empirical research,this paper puts forward the following policy suggestions: first,tap the potential of the international market,promote trade liberalization,improve the open economic system,and build an open,balanced and win-win development system;Second,to strengthen the protection of workers’ rights,build a harmonious and stable labor relations;Thirdly,we should pay attention to the regional differences in the influence of export strategy on labor income share to achieve regional coordinated development;Fourth,we should actively deepen supply-side structural reform,give full play to the advantages of China’s oversized market and the potential of domestic demand,foster a favorable business environment,and foster a new development pattern in which domestic and international cycles reinforce each other. |
