Using Heavy-ion Collision To Study Equation Of State Of Asymmetric Nuclear Matter

The determination of the Equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter especially the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy,is one of the most important goals of nuclear physics and heavy ion physics. The EOS of asymmetric nuclear matter is crucial for understanding many astrophysical problems and phenomena related to the global properties of neutron stars, supernova explosion and neutron star cooling. For example, in a neutron star made of neutrons, protons, electrons and muons, the chemical equilibrium composition is directly related to the density dependence of symmetry energy. Besides its general interest in astrophysics, the symmetry energy at densities below and around the normal nuclear matter density plays a decisive role in describing reliably the properties of neutron-rich nuclei far from stability-line, such as the neutron skin thickness, the neutron distribution, etc..During the dynamical evolution of heavy ion collisions (HIC), a transient state of dense and highly neutron-rich nuclear matter may be formed in the central reaction region and thus the experiments of HIC induced by neutron-rich nuclei are powerful tools for constraining the density dependence of symmetry energy. In order to extract the information about the nuclear EOS from the HIC experiments, one has to make dynamical simulations using transport models and compare the experimental observables with the theoretical predictions.The contents of this dissertation are grouped into three sections.The tools of studying the heavy-ion collision are transports methods, so here the transports methods come first-they are introduced in the first part of this dissertation. In this section we introduce several common used method of the heavy-ion transports. At the end of this section, we demonstrate how to use the BUU model to simulate the heavy-ion collision.The goal of this dissertation is probing the equation of state (EOS) of asymmetric nuclear matter by using heavy-ion collision. So, the second section provides the definition of the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter. At the end of this section, the momentum-dependence potential which is used in our calculation is presented.In the third section, we come to the analytic method of the heavy-ion collision. In order to obtain the information of the EOS. we should find sensitive...