| There are different degrees of freezing every winter in Bohai Sea area due to the characteristics of the geographical environment, particularly climate. Sea conditions affect offshore oil. Therefore, the sea's condition always constrains oil production equipment. Sea ice is one of the main obstacles to ice area marine engineering, directly influencing oil exploration, development, and production. Ice threatens sea engineering operations and associated shipping. From a large number of sea ice disasters, both abroad and Chinese, where sea ice toppled oil platforms, it is clear that the destructive power of the sea ice has serious consequences. Meanwhile, the importance of research on the relationship of area atmospherics, sea ice, and the ocean is also made very clear.As the oil production develops, particularly in the areas surrounding Bohai oil and gas resources, the requirement for technology for sea ice management in winter production has increased. In order to guarantee production and operational safety, we must monitor and forecast ice in order to strengthen the basis for management and scientific decisions to prevent and reduce disaster. Ice monitoring is a basic method for understanding the basic characteristics of the sea environment, and it is the foundation for the comprehensive management of the environment of the sea ice area and forecasting technology. Ice monitoring and forecasting is a comprehensive production and technology project, based on ice-area oil production, and oil and gas transportation engineering. Mainly, it uses different types of modern technology to monitor sea ice, to estimate ice changes, to process statistics of the sea ice, to analyze dangerous ice situations, to issue warnings, and suggest emergency measures, so as to guarantee production safety and disaster reduction. Monitoring and forecasting technology in sea ice areas has become a popular topic among ocean scholars.The current dissertation focuses on the sea ice problem in oil production platforms and shipping in the Bohai area. It analyses sea ice changes and sea ice formation and melting. It also explores sea ice monitoring methods and sea ice forecasting technology, particularly in depth research on the distribution and change of sea ice, measuring the depth of sea ice, estimation of the direction of sea ice flow and changes in sea ice speed. The research has established a set of technology methods to monitor and forecast sea ice. Therefore, it provides a scientific basis for engineering projects for oil production in sea ice areas.My research comes from my winter fieldwork on the eastern bay JZ9-3 oil production platform on radar remote sea ice monitoring and forecasting. This dissertation broke new ground and got innovative results. The innovative results are the following:1) It analyzed different types of sea ice physical characteristics, and returning wave characteristics of ice movement using radar view to classify sea ice, to measure the depth of sea ice, and sea ice flow. It also developed the applied technology needed.2) Through sea current examination, it established forecast technology using radar based flow figures for sea ice. It developed radar monitoring of sea ice flows and forecasting technology systems for the JZ9-3 oil platform, by providing a remote radar motion monitoring sea ice graphics and forecasting technology. 3) It used radar in a vertical direction to measure the air surface of the ice, the middle of the ice, and the bottom of the ice. With sea surface wave-return characteristics, it obtained data, developed a radar-based measuring device for ice thickness, which uses applied software to establish ice thickness measurements and information. Its accuracy reached above 97%. It passed experts' evaluations. I applied and obtained a Patent, whose number is CN 101105395A.4) It used a combination of PIV technology, radar monitoring sea ice technology, and computer programming technology to establish a radar-based, remote measuring, sea ice, flow volume, forecasting technology system, which operated for the first time in China in the East Liao Gulf and met the requirements of forecasting moving ice changes in all weather conditions.In summary, I conducted field work on the current project during winters of 2005 to 2007 sponsored by Zhonghai Ocean Oil Company, working on sea ice management in Bohai. We established a radar-based monitoring system for sea ice analysis and a moving ice forecasting system for information on ice in the area. We completed a sea ice internet management system, which provided technical support for safe winter oil production in the sea ice area. We also established a new management system of coastal solid ice monitoring and forecasting, with a combination of satellite and plane monitoring and harbor radar systems picture data reports, providing scientific and technology support to sea ice forecasting.
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