The Synthesis Of Reagents By Industrial Waste And Its Mechanism In Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe Sulfide Minerals Flotation

Copper, lead and zinc, as main mentallic minerals, can be used for industrial and agricultural fields. With the development of economy, the extensive exploitation and utilization of copper, lead and zinc mineral resources cause the shortage of resource, which increase the difficulty to separate the minerals, especially the separation of copper-lead, copper-zinc minerals. Simultaneously, the enviromental protection and the reduction of energy consumption have being drawn much more attention. Consequently, it is very important to exploit low-cost and high performance reagents to effectively separate complex polymetallic mineral. In this study, fusel xanthate collector and lignosulfonate calcium (LSC), ferric chromium lignin sulfonate (FCLS) depressants were synthesized from fusel oil and paper pulp effluent. Flotation behavior and mechanism of chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena and marmatite in the presence of different collectors and depressants have been studied based on flotation tests, FTIR analysis, adsorption measurements, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (xps) and electro-chemical measurements.Flotation results showed that chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena and marmatite exhibited very good flotation response in pH 2-10 range by using butyl xanthate, fusel xanthate as collector and remained good floatable. Chalcopyrite exhibited good floatability while pyrite was inhibited extensively in pH 2～12 using LSC as a depressant, galena and marmatite were slightly inhibit, indicated that LSC has selectively depress for pyrite. The float of galena and marmatite were intensively restrained in wider pH range when FCLS used as depressant, chalcopyrite and pyrite was slightly depressed in a wide pH region and its recovery increased as the pH increased, indicated FCLS could be used to separate the chalcopyrite-galena and chalcopyrite-marmatite. The floatability of chalcopyrite and pyrite is better at lower pulp potential, while the floatability of galena and marmatite is very poor in wider potential range. It indicates that the flotation separation of chalcopyrite, pyrite from galena and marmatite may be possible at lower pulp potential.Batch flotation tests for Pingjiang copper-lead-zinc ore have been conducted. The results showed that in contrast to butyl-xanthate, flotation by fusel xanthate have better collecting capability for lead, but for copper was reverse. It is better for FCLS to seperate copper from lead than potassium dichromate, and it have hardly influence on environment. So FCLS can replace potassium dichromate to separate copper and lead.The adsorption of butyl xanthate on chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena and marmatite can take place in winder pH region. The adsorption of LSC and FCLS on minerals surface is corresponding to their flotation behavior. The adsorption density of FCLS on four sulfides minerals surface decreased according to the following order:marmatite>galena>pyrite> chalcopyrite. Zeat potential measurements showed that the addition of xanthate and LSC, FCLS make the zeta potential of minerals more negative indicated the adsorption of the collector and depressant on those four sulfide minerals.The formation of dixanthogen for BX has been observed on pyrite by FTIR. Xanthogenate is formed after the interaction of xanthate with chalcopyrite, galena and marmatite activated by copper ion. While obvious absorption peak of LSC appears on the surfaces of chalcopyrite, pyrite and galena interacted with LSC, which indicates that adsorption takes place on the surface of these minerals when interacted with LSC. Competitive adsorption emerges on the surfaces of minerals when interacted with the mixture of xanthate and LSC. The adsorption of xanthate is stronger than that of LSC on the surface of chalcopyrite, while the case is opposite on the surfaces of pyrite, galena and marmatite. When chalcopyrite, pyrite interacted with the mixture of xanthate and FCLS, characteristic peaks of xanthated cupric and dixanthogen still exit but that of FCLS does not. There is evident characteristic peaks of FCLS while characteristic peaks of xanthogenate become weaken when galena and marmatite were interacted with the mixture of xanthate and FCLS, which shows that FCLS and xanthate interactes with minerals by competitive adsorption.The XPS results shows that compounds of Pb and S on the surface of galena do not changes after interacted with FCLS, but the intensity of adsorption peak decreases sharply because of the covering produced when FCLS interacts on the surface of galena. When chalcopyrite interacted with FCLS, the compounds of Cu and Fe do not change also but the peak intensity decreased a little, which indicates the adsorption of FCLS on the surface of chalcopyrite is weak.Cyclic voltamnogram measurements showed that the postions of redox peaks don't change and the current of oxidation is reduced. This indicates that FCLS covering on the surface of chalcopyrite leads to the increase of its surface resistence. When xanthates and FCLS coexist, chalcopyrite interacts with xanthate electrochemically in advance to FCLS. So chalcopyrite is still floatable even with FCLS. The surface redox reactions of galena don't change when FCLS interacted with galena, the inhibition of FCLS can be arributed to its chemical adsorption.The polarization curves show that FCLS has no influence on electrochemical reaction type of surface of galena but change its current. The inhibition of FCLS to galena is due to FCLS covering over galena surface.