The Research Of Method About Project Environment Impact Assessment Based On Spatial Total Ecological Footprint Analysis

The theory of sustainable development has been gradually accepted by people since it was advanced in the last 80's. It has also become a policy to be considered when a country makes macroscopically economy strategy. The new environment protection system has been constructed because the theory of sustainable development strategy has affected every field of environment protection. Environment impact assessment must be adjusted to adapt the necessity of sustainable development strategy because it is an important part of environment protection system. Therefore, the impact of project to the ecological capacity of an area has become an absolutely necessary part of environment impact assessment.Ecological Footprint Analysis was advanced in the last 90's by William and Wackernagel. It is a new evaluation method of sustainable development based on biophysics. As the ecological capacity of an area could be measured effectively by ecological footprint analysis, in this dissertation, it is introduced to project environmental impact assessment to evaluate and analyze the degree of the impact of a project to the ecological capacity of an area from the view of sustainable development.This dissertation first presents a new calculation method of ecological capacity. A resources product method in which the ecological capacity is calculated according to the ecological product and ecological service, based on the analysis of the current method of ecological capacity-land area method. Different from the current method, on the one hand, multiple ecological functions of ecologically productive land are admitted in the resources produce method. On the other hand, it extends the supply source of ecologically productive land. For example, reproducible resource, the resource reclaims from rubbish and the lands of undeveloped are considered as the provider of the ecologically productive land. Hence, the ecological capacity of an area is reflected more roundly.Secondly, aimed at the problem of mixed in resource consumption and pollution absorption in forecast analysis, the author advanced the impacts of project to ecological deficit are distinguished according to consumption ecological footprint, pollution ecological footprint and the variation of ecological productivity. Hereby, total ecological footprint analysis framework is constructed and the bills of ecological footprint are listed for forecast the impact degree ofecological environment in evaluation area more clearly after project completed. Based on this, spatial total ecological footprint framework is constructed by the spatial information introduced. At the same time, how to calculate the ecological footprint and ecological capacity based on spatial information are discussed. In additional, the impact of spatial distribution to ecological footprint and the variation of logistic track in space to the calculation of ecological footprint are researched.Thirdly, minimum ecological deficit- a new rule of decision-making in project environment impact assessment ?is advanced. It is integrated by minimum ecological footprint and minimum loss of ecological capacity. At the same time, the ecological footprint and ecological capacity of various ecological product and ecological service are standardized for simplify the procedure of evaluation by the concepts of standard ecological footprint equivalence coefficient and standard ecological capacity equivalence coefficient introduced.Finally, ecological deficit current situation analysis, ecological deficit forecast analysis and impact identification of project to ecological deficit are executed according to the theory of spatial total ecological footprint analysis exemplified the ecological impact of project water transport south to north to XiangFan. The result of analysis was sounds good. The main applications are listed as follow:(1) In the current situation calculation of ecological capacity, the rationality of resources produce method is proven by compared the result of ecological capacity that calculated by land area method a...