| Objective: Esophageal cancer(EC) is a common disease in several areas of central Asia, including Xinjiang Uigur Autonmous Region, north of China. The incidence of Kazakh's EC has been considered as the highest among population in Xinjiang, and its aged-adjusted mortality rate up to 68.88/100, 000 reported by epidemiological study. The Kazakh population was estimated to be as 13 million around the world including 10million Kazakh distributed in Kazakhstan and 2 million in Xinjiang, north of China. The population in the current study was a Kazakh isolated community, which located at the northwest of Xinjiang. The genetic homogeneity and geography stability of the population, along with shared exposure to common environmental variables, may provide an excellent opportunity for the study on genetic influence for EC. These cancers are mostly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The series studies have suggested that a number of risk factors be involved in the carcinogenesis for Kazakh's ESCC, including deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, consumption of pickled foods and environmental exposure to specific nitrosamines, genetic susceptibility, etc.The high incidence in special areas indicated the importance of environment factors in esophageal etio-carcinogenesis. Only a small part of individuals in the high-risk area developed into EC although all the residents in that area may share very similar environment-related factors, such as the polymorphism of phase- I (CYP2C19)and phase-II enzymes (GSTT1), methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHFR) may play an important... |
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