Digital Sectional Anatomy And Visualization Of Head And Neck

In this study,we acquired 5 datasets of cross-sections of head and neck from the Chinese visible human datasets.Then, the distance between the medial side of the vertebral artery and the midline, the distance between the uncinate process and the medial side of the vertebral artery,the distance between the uncinate process and the cervical nerve were measured.The transvers sectioning images of uncinate process were compared with CT and MR images.Select 2 datasets of serial cross-sections of one male and one female,input to Amira software after registration. Generated orthogonal coronal and sagittal images,and oblique slices by resampling method. Use 3D-DOCTOR software to segment and reconstruct the main structures of Craniocervical junction region and cervical spine.After semi-automated segment on the serial cross-sectinal image data with Photoshop software,load the data to Amira software for surface rendering,and load the serial sections to Amira software for volume rendering. Section display the volume dataset to simulate the approaches of the Craniocervical junction region surgery and cervical spine surgery. Generation of tetrahedral grids from the surface models, it will become the base of finite element modeling and virtual surgery.The main results demonstrated in the present study are as following:1. The distance between the medial border of the vertebral artery and the midline decreased from C7 to C3. The distance between the uncinate process and the medial border of the vertebral artery is 1.9～2.6mm. The distance between the uncinate process and the cervical nerve is about 3.0mm. In this study, no significant difference was found between the right and the left(p > 0.05).2. Generated orthogonal coronal and sagittal images,and oblique slices by resampling method from the serial cross-sections of CVH.The serial sections of coronal,sagittal,and oblique images came from the same cadaver, Display of a sequence of adjacent multiplanar images without position change on the screen provides an effective mechanism for visualization of section-to-section change in structures, often augmenting the visual synthesis of the 3D structures.3. On personal computer, interactive segmented and reconstructed the main structures of Craniocervical junction region and cervical spine with 3D-DOCTOR software.The reconstructed structures can be displayed singly,or as a whole and can be continuously rotated in 3D space at different velocities.4. On personal computer,semi-automated segmented the skull base,cervical spine, cerebellum,vertebral artery,internal carotid artery,sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein,cervical nerves,brain stem and spinal cord with Photoshop software.The segmented structures were reconstructed in three-dimensions with surface rending on graphic workstation. The surface rending models could generate tetrahedral grids.5. To combine together with surface rending and volume rending models of Craniocervical junction region,could display the 3D space position and adjacent relationship. We can simulate the approaches of the Craniocervical junction region and pontocerebellar trigone surgery by orthogonal dissect the volume dataset.6. To combine together with surface rending and volume rending models of cervical spine,we can simulate the anterior,posterior and lateral approaches of cervical spine surgery by orthogonal dissect the volume dataset.When the horizontal plane was located at the level of intervertebral disc,it could simulate the approach of percutaneous cervical disc puncture.7. On 3D VR simulation system,simulated the actual procedures as osteotomy, discectomy and uncinectomy during skullbase surgery or cervical spine surgery. During simulation, the system can provide stereographic images of bone, intervertebral disc,nerve and vessel surfaces to precisely predict the outcome of every step and the whole procedure.