| Objective: To investigate whether sereval single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes in Exon-13 of E-cadherin gene are associated with transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder (TCCB).Materials and Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was performed on 130 patients with TCCB (male 96 and female 34, age form 29 to 84, mean 58.1±14.7) and 60 normal controls (male 31 and female 19, age form 28 to 81, mean 56.1±14.8). Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of the subjects. DNA fragments of Exon-1,Exon-3,Exon-12 and Exon-13 were obtained by PCR. Genotypes were determined using DNA sequencing. SNP in these fragments were analyzed. Cignificance of difference was determined by Chi square test and Student's t-test. Calculation of OR and 95%CI was performed by Woolf method.Results: The A allele frequencies at–160 position of E-cadherin gene promoter were significantly higher in case group than in control group (P<0.01). The A allele frequencies in superficial TCCB patients were higher than those in invasive TCCB patients (P<0.05). AA genotypes had increased risk of superficial TCCB and invasive TCCB (OR =2.83, 95% CI 1.15-7.00 and OR=7.37, 95% CI 2.09-29.00, respectively) compared to CC genotypes. A-allele carriers had a higher relative risk of invasive TCCB (OR=3.76, 95% CI1.18-11.97) compared to C-only carriers.The T allele frequencies at 154 position of E-cadherin gene Exon-13 were significantly higher in case group than in control group (P<0.01). The T allele frequencies in superficial TCCB patients were higher than those in invasive TCCB patients (P<0.05). There is a positive correlation between T allele frequencies and pathology differentiation grading. TT genotypes had increased risk of superficial TCCB and invasive TCCB (OR =7.50, 95% CI 1.60-35.07 and OR=23.75, 95% CI 4.68-120.50, respectively) compared to CC genotypes. CT genotypes had increased risk of invasive TCCB (OR =2.69, 95% CI 1.08-6.73) compared to CC genotypes. T-allele carriers had higher relative risk of superficial TCCB and invasive TCCB (OR=2.27, 95% CI1.16-4.46 and OR=4.32, 95% CI 1.84-10.11, respectively) compared to C-only carriers.The differences of distribution among haplotype 2C-154T,haplotype 2C-154C, haplotype 2T-154C and haplotype 2T-154T in case group were significant (Chi square test, P<0.01). Haplotype 2C-154T and haplotype 2T-154T of E-cadherin gene Exon-13 had higher relative risk of TCCB (OR=8.734, 95% CI 1.555~60.284 and OR=7.539, 95% CI 1.213~3.467, respectively) than other haplotypes.Conclusion: The A allele frequencies at–160 C/A single nucleotide polymorphism of E-cadherin gene promoter and The T allele frequencies at 154 position of E-cadherin gene Exon-13 were associated with carcinogenesis and invasive capability of TCCB. Haplotype 2C-154T of E-cadherin gene Exon-13 was related with carcinogenesis of TCCB. Purpose: To investigate the advantages of retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for nonfunctioning tuberculous kidneys by comparing the clinical results, operative methods and skills with open nephrectomy. Materials and Methods: The clinical data of 22 patients suffering from nonfunctioning tuberculous kidneys who underwent retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy (including simple nephrectomy and subcapsular nephrectomy) were compared with those of 22 who underwent open nephrectomy for a similar indication during the same period. The results between them were analyzed. Results: There was no statistical difference between retroperitoneoscopy group and open surgery group regard to the patient age, gender and mean operative time (93.0±12.6 min vs 92.6±35.5 min). Mean blood loss was significantly less in the retroperitoneoscopy group (78.3±60.6 ml) than in the open surgery group (160±120.0 ml); Mean hospital stay after operation was notably shorter in the retroperitoneoscopy group (3.3±0.9 days) than in the open surgery group (9.1±0.8 days). Conclusion: Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for renal tuberculosis has several advantages over open nephrectomy: smaller wound, less loss of blood and quicker recovery and may provide a safe and reliable method for treating refractory renal tuberculosis clinically.
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