Like Thinking Based Wu Ju Tong Academic Thinking

Xiang is a common concept in Chinese traditional culture. Xiang thinking, which takes xiang as its element is a kind of methodology. Under the conditions of the limited level of technological development, It becomes an important kind of thinking styles that understanding the objective world, and plays an important role in the formation and development of every discipline especially in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Using xiang thinking, every doctor of TCM develops his/her academic thinking, and promotes the development and improvement of system of TCM for thousands of years.In the process of modernization of TCM, it is necessary to study TCM by every kind of modern methods and means; we should also use related methods to study TCM according to the characters of TCM, xiang thinking is an important character of TCM.As an important school of TCM, the science of epidemic febrile disease plays an important role in the treatment of diseases, especially in acute heat disease. As one famous doctor in school of the science of epidemic febrile disease, Wu Ju-tong widely read books, practiced a lot, and formatted his academic system using xiang thinking. From angle of xiang thinking, we can not only understand the science of epidemic febrile disease, but also learn the role of xiang thinking in formatting the system of theory, methods, formulas and medicines.Basing on the theory of system science, the thesis makes a research on related contents ofxiang and xiang thinking. By studying the Systematized Identification of Febrile Disease, Correcting Errors of Doctors and Medical Records of Wu Ju-tong, we analyze the law of xiang thinking of Wu Ju-tong. We analyze the steps of xiang thinking and discuss it by the theory of cognitive psychology. Finally we analyze the value of xiang thinking in TCM. From the points of the characters of TCM, we analyze the position and ways of xiang thinking in studying and applying TCM.This thesis includes two parts:the first part is literature review; the second part is theory study and it includes four chapters.The first part is literature review. The thesis studies and evaluates the organ of thinking, the concept, styles, characters and classification of thinking. The thesis also studies and evaluates the concept, the development, and the characters of xing xiang thinking, yi xiang thinking and ju xiang thinking. The thesis summarizes the researches on Wu Ju-tong, and discusses related contents from different aspects including source of academic, differentiation system, the use of prescriptions and herbs, principle of thinking and so on.The second part is theory study.In the first chapter the thesis discusses related contents of xiang and xiang thinking from the point of system science. The thesis introduces the concept, characters and classification of system science, and analyzes the characters of open and complex of body. The xiang is divided into two categories:objective phenomenon and subjective xiang. The characters of xiang are complex and natural. Analyzing from different aspects, we can know that the xiang is very important. Xiang thinking is a kind of thinking styles that hold the law from xiang. The xiang thinking has characters of universality and fontal.In the second chapter the thesis studies the xiang thinking of Wu Ju-tong using the theory of system science. Basing on the works of Wu Ju-tong, the thesis divides the xiang into two categories:the natural xiang and man-made xiang. The natural xiang includes the xiang of body, the xiang of nature and the xiang of herbs. The man-made xiang includes gua xiang and yao xiang. The natural xiang and the man-made xiang all belong to the categories of xiang. The man-made xiang is derived from the natural xiang and can represent the natural xiang.The xiang of body includes the xiang of healthy status and the xiang of disease, the xiang of healthy status is used to analyze the styles of constitution. The xiang of disease is used to diagnose diseases, it includes the xiangs acquired from four diagnoses. This thesis studies the law of gasping xiang in xiangs of tongue, pulse and eye. Wu Ju-tong paid attention to the part and whole of xiangs. Different part of xiang has different characters and plays different roles in diagnosis. The integrated xiang plays an important role in diagnosis.The xiangs of herbs includes xiangs of space, time and processing. The xiangs of space include morphological characteristic, texture characteristic, dynamic and static condition, environment of growing, parts of herbs, characteristic of growing and so on. The xiangs of time include the time of growing and the time of harvesting. The herbs'growing time is divided into the growing time of the parts of herbs and the growing time of herbs. Different xiangs of space and time can make different influence on the herbs, and show corresponding effect. The xiangs of processing include the environment of processing, the process of processing, the repairing of herbs and so on. Different xiangs of processing can make different influence on the herbs.The xiangs of symbol include eight diagrams and sixty-four diagrams, kan, li, gen, kun in eight diagrams are usually used and tai, pi, jiji, weiji, fu in sixty-four diagrams were usually used by Wu Ju-tong. From the whole and dynamic characters of xiangs of gua and yao, we can understand the mechanism of body and herbs. The xiangs of gua and yao can also be used to indicated the position of earth and organs of body.The phenomenon of nature and society were usually used by Wu Ju-tong to explain the mechanism of therapeutic in his works.In the third chapter the thesis studies on the cognitive process of Wu Ju-tong from point of xiang thinking with the theory of cognitive psychology. The xiang thinking is divided into five steps:observing, absorbing, analyzing, integrating and expressing. Observing is the beginning in understanding the universe. People observe different xiangs carefully by themselves. With the development of technology, we can use more tools to observe more things. Observing has the character of subjective. We should observe the xiangs in whole and in part. Analyzing plays a very important role in xiang thinking. The characters of yin yang and five elements of xiangs are usually analyzed first, reasoning from xiang directly and explaining this xiang using other xiang are also the ways of analyzing. We should integrate xiangs in different levels and different parts, and we can comprehensive understand the xiang. Expressing is the last step of xiang thinking. Although there are different ways to express the xiang, we can express all xiangs by the way of status of qi.Then the thesis analyzes the cognitive mechanism of xiang thinking by the theory of cognitive psychology. The xiang thinking is a process of information processing. It can be explained with the theory of pattern recognition and problem solving. The sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory, working memory in the theory of pattern recognition, and the problem representation, selection and application, evaluation in the theory of problem solving, can explain the mechanism of xiang thinking. With the theory of metaphor, the thesis explains the process of original domain and target domain in xiang thinkingIn the forth chapter the thesis introduces the position of xiang thinking in TCM. First the functions of xiang thinking in diagnosis and recognition of herbs are explained. Then from the point of relationship between noumenon and phenomenon, the thesis gives the attitude to the xiang thinking in the study of TCM and the diagnosis and treatment of disease.