The Zhou Dynasty Studies On Behalf Of Song National History

The Zhou Dynasty studies on behalf of Song national history, which is a state descendent from the Shang Dynasty and under the rites of Zhou Dynasty. According to the principles of thesis writing of national history, the paper mainly covers the background information, politics, economy and culture of Song Dynasty. It is divided into six chapters (30 sections in all) with an appendix attached.In the first chapter, it is firstly talked about the politics of the initial stage of Zhou Dynasty and the end of the Shang Dynasty. Then this part also introduces the appellation, distribution and political status of the descendant of the Shang Dynasty. Through the examples of the Wei family at that time, it is in detail illustrated Ziqi Wei has an original relationship to Wei family with the comparison of documentary materials and inscriptions on bones, tortoise shells or ancient bronzes. Meanwhile, some traditional conceptions and ideas about the division, official titles, capital and territory of the Song Dynasty are corrected during rereading these historical materials.The second chapter is on the politics of the state of Song. It has two features: one is the descendant of the Shang Dynasty; the other dukes with dukedom's manors. Therefore, it is ruled and confined by the ethics of the Zhou Dynasty. On the other hand, it is still influenced by the ethics and rules of the Shang Dynasty. The effect of the two determines the fact that the state of Song not only has a strong desire to renew the politics of the Shang Dynasty, but also adopts an cautious and self-protected attitude under the control of Emperor Zhou and his dukes of the same family name. As a result, the state of Song always adopts the kind of political strategy that makes friends with big states and takes a neutral attitude. For example, Duck Xiang of Song helps Duck Huan of Qi achieve his conquest, and presides at two meeting about fire ceasing. While protecting itself, the state of Song always seeks after opportunities to become a strong state. Duke Xiang of Song attempts to be the overlord, and Duke Jing of Song conquers Cao state and becomes a temporary leader. In the interior of the ruling class of the state of Song, six dukes take turns to deal with politics. In this case, they can rule and limit each other and the political power is balanced. Thus, the power of the king of Song is comparatively stable and strong. During the periods of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States, only the dukes of Song still serve their king of Song compared with other states.The third chapter is about the economy of the state of Song. The Spring and Autumn period and the period of Warring States are an revolutionary age in Chinese ancient politics and economy. In economy, the productive forces are improved as a result of the gradually wide use of cows and iron tools in cultivation and the development of agricultural technologies. The state of Song lies in the area of the Yellow River and Huai River, so it has a long history of agriculture. Its various kinds of crops are grown and their productions are quite high. Thus it becomes an important area of crops production in the Midland. In business, it still inherits the tradition of emphasizing on the development of the business started by the Shang Dynasty and the high advances of the business in the Shang Dynasty. Therefore, on the markets of the capital of Song, there are a lot of shops with careful division. The handcraft industry is highly developed, including metallurgy, ceramics, lacquerwork, and weaving. With the gradual disaggregation of the system that the state monopolizes the business, the industry and commerce has made a considerable progress. The businessmen of Song go to all other states, even go to Yue state to sell hats and Tao located in the center of the country becomes a metropolis with the collections of various goods. There are also some famous millionaires. For example, Tao Zhugong is one of them.The fourth chapter centers on the culture of the state of Song. Influenced by the culture of the Shang Dynasty, the state of Song inherits the cultural tradition of admiring the beauty of feminine mildness, and insists on the policy of benevolence, with the cultural feature of benevolence. The founder of the state of Song, Weizi Qi is called one of the three gentlemen at the end of Shang of Yin. Mu Yi, one of Duke Huan of Song's sons, is noted for his kindness. Duke Xiang of Song rules his state with benevolence, but fails in Hong River for it. The Song state and the Lu state both locate in the area of the Shang of Yin. So the cultures of the two states are influenced by the culture of the Yin and the Zhou. There are differences and similarities which become the representative of the two cultures. Meanwhile, with the direct and indirect influence of the Yin and the Song, some famous intelligent scholars and schools of thoughts come into existence, for example, Confucius, Muozi and Zhuangzi. Therefore, it provides a solid cultural basis for the flourishing of various schools of thoughts and intelligent scholars in the Spring and Autumn period and the period of Warring States.The fifth chapter concentrates on the state of Song in the Warring States. The political feature is that the power of the kings is transferred down to his dukes in the Spring and Autumn period and the period of Warring States. In each state, some strong dukes always fight for the state power. In the state of Song, Daishi attempts to take the power of the state of Song. In this social reform of many dukes fighting for the emperor, Yan, the king of the Song exerts himself to make the state prosperous, carries out the policy of benevolence and makes the state of Song gradually stronger and stronger, which is called"the giant Song", in the early stage of his ruling. But in his later ruling, the state of Song is overthrown and divided by the states of Qi, Wei and Chu because of his cruel ruling like Jie, the last emperor of Xia Dynasty.The sixth chapter is concerned with the peoples around the state of Song. The state of Song lies in the area of central plain close to the dukes of Huaxia as well as minor peoples such as Manyi, Rongdi. Eastern Yi and Huai Yi have the same cultural origin with the Shang of Yin who is ancestors of the state of Song. So the state of Song always keeps in touch with these minor peoples. Duke Xiang of Song ever took measures to make friends with eastern Yi. For the Rongdi peoples in the north, the state of Song mainly adopts the strategy of attack and defense. Duke Wu of Song defeated Rongdi in Changqiu and seized Yuansi, the leader of the Rongdi. Duke Xiang of Song helped Duke Huan of Qi defeat the people of Di and moved the state of Xing to guard the state of Wei.The List of the emperors of the state of Song and the tables for the important events in the history of Song are attached behind as supplements to make the thesis fuller and more integrated. The list of the emperors of the state of Song compares the situations of the successors to the throne of Song and reclassifies the emperors according to Zuo's Comment Ary and the Historical Records. In the tables for the important events in the history of Song, the important historical events are rearranged from the beginning to the end of the state of Song in a way of Christian era according to Zuo's Comment Ary , the Historical Records, the Strategies of Warring States and the Records of the states...