A Study On The Analogies In Modern Uyghur Language

We have mainly carried out basic research on the analogy 1 phenomenon in Uyghur language by this subject,made tentative classifications and carried out cognitive explanations from the aspect of sentential structure and vocabulary to the Analogy 1 in Uyghur language.The full text is divided into five chapters.ChapterⅠmainly overviews the up-to-date studies both at home and abroad, introduces the present situation and existing problems of the studies on analogy 1 in Uyghur language,and confirms the goals of research in this paper and establishes the main research approaches that adopted.In ChapterⅡ,the author at first clarifies the forms of expressions of discourse structures and their linguistic tags with identical,similar and different relations in Uyghur language.The cognitive structure is manifested as semantic structure,and semantic structure is reflected through the linguistic structure,so the clarification of the discourse forms that manifest these cognitive relations is of vital importance for studies on analogy 1.Secondly,the author probes into the cognitive intentions for using analogy 1,in other words,into what is the intentions behind people's exercise of analogies and how people realize these cognitive intentions by discourse forms,etc.In ChapterⅢ,Then this chapter discusses the two main discourse forms of analogy 1,that is analogy 2 and metaphor of discourse form,and the character of these discourse structures.Finally,this chapter deals with the linguistic characteristics of the Uygur language and the basic linguistic types of the figures of speech in the Uygur language.In ChapterⅣ,the author discusses the condensed forms of analogy 1.The condensed forms of analogy 1 are the fixed forms of analogies that are formed through the filter of history and culture that includes the fixed discourse and term forms.Fixed discourse forms are the fixed sentences and phrases.From the prospect of type,proverbs,maxims and the analogy 1 in classical texts are the direct solidification of discourse forms of these types.On the other hand,word forms(forms of terms)are the condensations of analogies on the vocabulary level.The author pays great attention to discussing the analogy forms in proverbs,the characteristics of analogy 2,word forms of the solidification of analogies and their characteristics. Analogy 2 and metaphors in Uyghur proverbs and their characteristics are at the center of concern.Analogy 2 in proverbs includes similes and metaphors.In this paper simple analysis is made on the changes of the format of similes and metaphors2.Metaphors in proverbs include comparison,metonymy and symbol.We make a preliminary analysis on personification & draft things both are subtypes of comparison,their characteristics,metonymy and symbol respectively.Word forms in Uyghur language can be divided into Analogy 2 words and metaphorical words.Analogy 2 words are those combined words formed by analogical 1 ties.Analogy 2 words include non-marked analogy 2 words and marked analogy 2 words.The direct combination of noumenon morpheme and the vehicle morpheme makes the non-marked analogy 2.The indirect combination of noumenon morpheme and the vehicle morpheme by affix morphemes which express the similar relations makes the marked analogy 2.Metaphorical words are the words formed by metaphoric cognition pattern.Metaphors include comparison,metonymy words and symbol.Comparison is formed from nominal compound words and verbs.In the structure of nominal compound words occurs only noumenon morpheme and the vehicle type morpheme,noumenon morphemes are nominal,vehicle type morphemes are adjectives.Nominal compounds in Uyghur language are personification from the point of semantics,though they are few.From the prospect of semantic and pragmatic characteristics of verbs,comparative verbs can be divided into personification words and draft thing words.Metonymy words are the words formed by the metaphoric cognition pattern.Whether it has the morphemes with the character of similarity, metonymy words can be divided into unmarked metonymy words and marked metonymy words.Unmarked metonymy words are very common in dictionaries. Among them,polysemants are formed in this way,in other words,the basic meaning of polysemants are brought into being by metaphorical expanding.In these types of metonymy words,nouns and verbs are very common.There are some compound metonymy words,for example,tΦgεtapan(Camel+Hoof)Camelhoof,qa(?)itum∫uq (raven+mouth)doorclamp,elektir dolquni(electric Wave)E-Wave,semantikmεjdan (semantic + filed)semantic field.Marked metonyny words are those formed by similarity affixes.They are used as a preparatory analogical bodies that manifest certain characteristics(as color,shape etc)of the being.In Uyghur language "-siman" is a very typical word making affix with great word making capacity that is in common used to make adjectives.For example,adεmsiman(manlike),gylsiman(like flowers),dolqunsiman(undulation),∫εpεqsiman(the rozy dawn like).Symbol words in Uyghur language is formed by analogical 1 cognition patterns.The meaning of many symbolic words is stabilized by long lasting usage,being a knowledge reserve familiar to people.They are preparatory units that fixed by sanctified in the course of usage.In Uyghur language "at(horse)" is the symbol of assistant,while "tΦgε(camel)"are the symbol of very patient people & uncouth fellow etc.some symbolic personalities in the Uyghur ancient literature has some symbolic meaning.For example,"(?)εm∫id "symbolize brave,courageous man;"loqmanhekim "represents sophisticated doctor,long life star.In ChapterⅤ,the author at first probes into reflection of the concept of space as the source land of beginning in Uyghur language to goal concepts as number,social class,status and quality and their characteristics,based on the concept analogical 1 theory based on cognitive linguistics,and analyzes the cognitive metaphorical base of these reflections.Secondly,from the point of cognition the author makes a preliminary,tentative analysis to the basic emotional materials used to describe happiness,angriness,sadness and fright in Uyghur language.The author concludes that these basic emotions are formed on the base of metaphoric concepts,and tentatively explains the metaphorical conceptual base and cognitive experimental bases of the production of metaphorical phrasesIn ChapterⅥ,the author summarizes the main conclusions and theoretical probes,and point out the shortcomings of the thesis.