On Conjunctions And Prepositions In Tongjin Dialect Of Cili, Hunan

The object of study in this paper is conjunctions and prepositions in Tongjin Dialect of Cili,Hunan.With the help of theories and methods such as application linguistic typology,grammaticalization theory and characteristic theory,etc,the conjunctions and prepositions,based on abundant materials from thorough civilian investigation,are studied in different levels and from different perspectives by using relevant study results by experts at home and abroad for reference.In sum,the study is a combination of form and meaning,description and interpretation,and static state and dynamic research.Including the preface,the whole paper consists of 7 parts:The preface covers the reasons for the author's choice of the object, relevant research trends,theories and methods applied in the paper and its theoretical and practical application values.The first chapter is summarization,in which it is stated that Cili is in the northwest of Hunan,with over 2200 years' history and Tongjin Dialect belongs to Changli cluster of Southwest Mandarin.Conjunctions and prepositions in Tongjin Dialect are distinguished in the second chapter.This part starts from depicting the development skeleton of research in distinguishing conjunctions and prepositions in modern Chinese,in which status of word class of conjunctions and prepositions are determined and representative views,former study methods and success and failure in research in different periods of discrimination are expounded.Then,from the perspective of grammatical features,the conjunctions and prepositions are distinguished in 3 layers such as the discrimination in two groups of words used both as prepositions and conjunctions,namely,"liangge","he" and "gen" which mean and,and "yinwei" and "weida" which mean because.Conjunctions are analyzed in the third chapter,which consists of 5 sections.In Section 1,58 conjunctions in Tongjin Dialect are listed and classified.In Section 2,priority sequence of pure coordinate conjunctions in Tongjin Dialect is analyzed and their connect function and basic pattern are described and analyzed.The use of correlative conjunctions in Tongjin Dialect,together with their conditions and their functions in simple sentence,is studied in Section 3.Expression means of complex sentence in Tongjin Dialect and the conjunctions to express complex relation are described and analyzed in Section 4.Conjunction sequence in a sentence is summarized and its pragmatic value is analyzed in Section 5.How mediacy principle of connecting words restricts conjunction sequence in Tongjin Dialect is expounded in this section too.Besides,conjunctions in Tongjin Dialect are classified into two types,namely,prepositive conjunction and postpositive conjunction in the section.Prepositions in Tongjin Dialect are analyzed in the fourth chapter, which consists of 5 sections too.In Section 1,prepositions in Tongjin Dialect is illustrated and classified.They are divided into two systems,namely,prepositive system and postpositive system.The prepositive system includes subjective prepositions,objective prepositions,participant prepositions,positional prepositions,dependent prepositions,causal prepositions,relevant prepositions and comparative prepositions,etc.The postpositive system includes location,time,comparison and prepositions to show intercommunity.In Section 2,syntactic functions and syntactic distribution of phrases of prepositive and postpositive prepositions are described and analyzed.In Section 3,Chinese researchers' former study on postpositive words and frame prepositions is briefly reviewed.It is confirmed that postpositive words in Tongjin Dialect are syntactically classified into thematic prepositions and auxiliary prepositions,and originally classified into denominal prepositions and assistant-source prepositions.Besides, use of frame prepositions in Tongjin Dialect is described and analyzed in the section too.Section 4 is mainly on the use of "liangge" in Tongjin Dialect, which is illustrated from 5 aspects,namely,grammatical form, grammatical meaning,Ⅴin "N1+'liangge'+N2+Ⅴ" and N1 and N2 in "Ni+'liangge'+N2+Ⅴ",positions of "bu" and "mei",and their syntactic influence,etc.In Section 5,preposition omission in Tongjin Dialect and its motive are analyzed.The omission of prepositions results from linguistic economic principle,reflects sequence features of sentence structures in Tongjin Dialect and embodies the power of mediacy principle of connecting words.Grammaticalization direction of "liangge" in Tongjin Dialect is stated in the fifth chapter."Liangge" in Tongjin Dialect can be used as a quantifier,a coordinating conjunction and a concomitant preposition as well.Quantifier＞concomitant preposition＞pure coordinating conjunction is the derivation direction of,"liangge" from a quantifier to an empty word,and metonymy is the cognition motive of such an evolvement mode.The sixth chapter is the conclusion.Facts show that types of conjunctions are highly consistent to those of prepositions in Tongjin Dialect and they are a harmonious match.The use of conjunction in Tongjin Dialect strictly abides by connecting word principle;sequence of prepositions is harmonious to that of conjunctions,but trunk sequence of prepositions is not harmonious to conjunction sequence and SVO sequence.In many aspects,conjunction and preposition grammar systems in Tongjin Dialect are common and consistent to those in mandarin.The preposition of "liangge" used as a coordinating conjunction and a concomitant preposition derives from Tongjin Dialect.The study on "liangge" in Chinese is of typologic meaning,which shows that substantivized words are a source of concomitant prepositions and coordinating conjunctions too.