Research On The Yi-ology Data Contained In The Notes Of Song Dynasty

As a causal record of spurious materials, Notes has a long history. But til Song Dynasty, it became prevalent. According to Biji Daguang of Successive Dynaties, imprinted by The Jiangsu Guangling Ancient Book Imprinting Agency in 1983,and Biji Series of Si Ku, published by Shanghai Ancient Book Publishing House in 1992, we know that the species of the Song Notes come to 400 to 500 at least, most of which are causally recorded by the Song Dynasty Scholars of what they saw and heard and what they learned from their studies, covering political, historical, cultural, natural sciences, social life and many other fields. There are no less insights in such a rich content. But the academic value of these species has not yet been thoroughly excavated because of their complex contents, diverse styles, different lengths and other factors. When it came to 21 century, scholars began to collate the tremendous amount of the Song Notes initially and a series notes in succession books were published. Also in this basis, the scholars made a multi-angle, multi-level observation and investigation of these notes, and has made gratifying achievements in Xiaoxue, literature, medicine, folklore, politics, history, laws and institutions and so on. So far, however, there are no specific papers or books which detailed the Yi-ology, which take a large number in Song Notes. Based on the main contents of these Yi-ology notes, they can be roughly divided into the following categories:(1) Data about Yi-ology ideas and works that have been scattered and disappear; (2) Data about the Yi-ology learning methods and Yi-ology thoughts that belong to the Non-mainstream scholars; (3) Data of collation and explanatory notes of Yi-ology, (4) Data of Yi-ology inheritance in Song Dynasty. Mostly written or recorded by those scholars who had a thorough knowledge of Jing and Shi and some of whom had worked at the Cabinet Secretariat Government and had the chance to access the royal collection, these data were full of original ideas. From these data we can snoop on the thoughts and research on the zhouyi of the scholars whose specific works on Zhouyi had been scattered and disappear, but also we can have a glimpse of the situation of the only then existed works on Zhouyi. These provide us with valuable information for us to understand the early appearance of Jing and Zhuan of Zhouyi, with reference for arrangement and collation of the ancient books, and with many valuable clues for us to clarify the origin, development and prosperity of the theory of Yi-ology of historical-event sect. There were some other scholars who were not skilled in Yi studies, but also had their unique cognition of the then prevalent Science through their own experience. So through carding and researching the data of this part of scholars, we can then full understand the spread and acceptance of Han and Tan Dynasty Yi-ology in Song Dynasty. Also we can understand their doubt, denial and subversion toward Science on the basis of the methods of Yi studies or the structure of the philosophical system. Therefore, we need to excavate, analyze, card and research the academic value contained in the data in the Song Notes.Now the research books of Yi studies which focuses only on the so-called mainstream Yi-studies scholars such as Li Gou, Ou Yangxiu, Zhou Dunyi, ShaoYong, the two Chengs, ZhangZai, ZhuXi, YangJian and so on, can therefore not fully reflect the real situation of the Yi studies in Song Dynasty since they ignore the study and position of the thoughts and research on the Yi-ology of those so-called Non—mainstream Yi-studies scholars who had left no academic works of Yi studies in the world. And these so—called mainstream scholars mainly tended to understand and explain the Yi-ology from the aspects of Daoism, Qi, heartology, etc. They paid more attention to moral principles rather than textual explanation. These caused disadvantage of the empty of the Yi studies. Furthermore, in the now existing monograph, the characteristics of their studies are taken as the overall characteristics of the Yi-ology in Song Dynasty, and the shortcomings in their studies are considered as the general defect of the Yi-ology in Song Dynasty. These cause the mistake of taking the part as whole. In addition, influenced by the editors of Si Ku Quan Shu, some scholars, as well as some Yi-studies works of Song Dynasty, regard Li Guang and Yang Wanli as the founder of the school of Yi-ology of historical-event sect, while they ignore the discussion of the group of Yi-ology of historical-event sect, such as Ou Yang-xiu, Su Shi, Si Maguang, Cheng Yi, HongMai, YeShi, Wang Yinglin, ZhaoYanwei, etc. So the conclusion is not accurate. The existing situation of Yi-studies research of Song Dynasty and its inadequacy determine that we need to conclude, sort and study the Yi-studies data in the Notes of Song Dynasty.Based on the classification and arrangement of the Yi-studies data contained in the Song notes, The article clarifies the Yi-studies research methods and thoughts of those non-mainstream scholars and adopts a comparative study method. Through comparing those with the mainstream scholars such as Zhou Dun-yi, ShaoYong, the two Chengs, Zhang Zai, Zhu Xi etc, the article analyse the difference between the mainstream and the non-mainstream. Thus comes to a more comprehensive grasp and study of Yi-studies of Song Dynasty. For this, the article elaborates the following three aspects:First of all, taking Zhouyi researchers recorded in Song notes as guiding links, this thesis studies methods of research on Yi-ology proposed by some important Yi-ologists, such as Shen Kuo, Hong Mai, Ye Shi and Wang Ying-lin.Through analysis, we found that, on the basis of the research models established by the Yi-ologists of Han and Tang Dynasty, Shen Kuo developed the approach of iconic numbers to a certain extent. For instance, he first put forward.the theory of Fetal Birth and Shell Taking, which explains Shell Taking from the perspective of the birth of heaven and earth. This original theory influenced Zhu Zhen, Zhao Yanwei and some other Yi-ologists.In addition, Shen Kuo extended his research of Yi-ology to other fields such as astronomy, calendar, and rhythm. In these fields, he corrected some wrong ideas held by the ancient and formed some new ones. For example, he explained the twelve Chen with the theory of the twelve Xiaoxi, proving that the ancients were wrong; on the basis of the rise and fall of Yin and Yang, he proposed a new calendar based on the twelve Qi, which is similar to the Gregorian calendar, avoiding the divergence between the four seasons and Qi in the then-popular calendar of which the twelve months were set according to syzygy.Shen's research reflects his scholarly thought, which is a combination of Chinese traditional theory and advanced scientific thinking. Through comparison and analysis, we also found that both Hong Mai and Wang Ying-lin took reference to historical events as an important research method. These two scholars, especially the latter did better than Li Guang and Yang Wan-li in resorting to history in terms of content and mode. As a result, they shoud be considered representatives of Yi-ology of historical-event sect.Secondly, there is new development of the research of Xiangshu and Yili in Yi-ology that can be seen from the Song notes. Namely, with "questions" as the key links, this can be done by reviewing Xiangshu in Yi-ology continued in the Song Dynasty. Through analyzing different methods of research, contributions to the development of Yili in Yi-ology made by non-mainstream Yi-ologists can be found, and thus their positions in the research history of Yi-ology can be accurately fixed.We analysed the Notes and made a summary of the research methods used by non-mainstream Yi-ologists. We found that they used a variety of methods. Some studied Zhouyi not only from the perspective of Xiangshu but also on the basis of sounds and forms of characters concerned, for instance, Zhou Mi's Qi Dong Ye Yu and Wang Guanguo's Xue Lin. Others explained reason Yi-ology according the shapes of bronze wares, for example, Huang Bo-si's Dong Guan Yu Lun.In addition, through reviewing Yi-ology of historical-event sect, we found that the author of Xici exhibited the development of how the Sage made iconic wares from the tens of thousands of years history of human beings. Although the way of research by resorting to historical events is not clearly stated, yet there is no doubt that it belongs to the method of this sort. Moreover, as far as the Song Dynasty is concerned, Ou Yangxiu, Shen Kuo and Cheng Yi used this method in their studies earlier than Li Guang and Yang Wanli. So it is not right for Si Ku Guan Chen to take Li and Yang as pioneers of Yi-ology of historical-event sect.In short, the research methods reflected in the Notes indicates that, unlike those mainstream Yi-ologists, who liked to make groundless remarks on Yili, non-mainstream Yi-ologists did their researches from the exegetical point of view, combined with "history witnesses", hence avoiding the formers'weakness.Finally, impacts of the evolution of the Yi-ology on academy of Song Dynasty is discussed from two aspects:" the impact of the thought of Doubting the Ancients and Identifying the fake on Yi-ology " and "the impact of the evolution of the Song Yi-ology on the thinking patterns of Song ideologists".The rise of the thought of doubting the ancients attached the traditional views on Zhouyi. In subverting the traditional, some scholars began to reconsider the writing process of Jing and Zhuan of Zhouyi and its author, which were almost definite conclusions in the history of Yi-ology. On this basis, they started to defame Zhouli, doubt Mencius, ridiculed Yin Zheng and Gu Ming of Shu,eliminate Xu of Poetry, deepening the thought of doubting the ancients originating in late Tang Dynasty. As they criticized the Confucian classics that handed down from generation to generation, they questioned and denied the metaphysical system of Neo-Confucianism which was constructed with painstaking efforts. They also tried to establish a new philosophical system to refute, or use scientific methods to expose the emptiness and absurdity of Neo-Confucianism.Thus, to some degree, we can say that the rise of the thought of doubting the ancients accelerated the evolution of the Yi-ology. This, in turn, influenced research on jingxue as well as history, making historians shift their focus from "God "or" saints " to ordinary people and events, causing changes in the view of history. What's more, the evolution of the Yi-ology in Song Dynasty not only injected anti-tradition elements into Song academy, but also pushed it forward.