| The article is an endeavor to do the primary research on the major problems, such as dilemmas of the grassland of Xilingol League’s eco-compensation and further thoughts and solutions to its further improvement, which is from the perspective of eco-compensation and its basic theory.In the first place, the article is to discriminate the basic connotation and theory of eco-compensation in the academia. It argues that the definition of eco-compensation as environmental economic policy can not achieve the goal of environmental protection but trigger more environmental and social problems, so the article is to discuss that the theory and practice of eco-compensation involves not only economic factors but also a series of social factors. Ecological compensation is a complex systems engineering, involves ecological, economic, social, industry, agriculture and animal husbandry and other fields, also relates to the interregional cooperation and interaction of social problems, it also involves a series of technical problems of division, the determination of compensation standard, compensation effect of subject and object of evaluation, compensation in the concrete operational level. Thus, it states that the basic connotation and theory of eco-compensation from technical dimension and social dimension. Based on the practice, this paper attempts to achive a necessary reflection on the rationality and feasibility of the theory foundation of ecological compensation and the basic principles of the theoretical problems, to mine and reconstruct the theoretical basis of the construction of ecological compensation and its basic principles from technology and society. In a nutshell, the article argues that based on the natural ecological law and the law of social development, eco-compensation utilizes both the government means and market means to impose fees and penalties on the beneficiaries and destroyers of eco-environment, and compensates and supports the protectors and victims of eco-environment so as to improve the protection capability of eco-environmental protectors and reduce the risk of destroy of eco-environment to achieve the normalization as well as autonomation of ecological environment protection to further accomplish a notion and model of eco-environmental protection which takes eco-environment as its media and harmonious and orderly social relations as its purpose. Eco-compensation changes the correlation of social system and eco-system via the adjustment of social system to obtain the purpose of adjustment of inner state in eco-system.Second, based on the reconstruction of definition of eco-compensation, the article evaluates the status and efficiency of eco-compensation of Xilingol grassland which assesses from two aspects, namely, scientificity and social effects. It argues that the present eco-compensation for grassland has many problems, such as unstable compensation policies, incomplete compensation subjects, much low compensation standard, single compensation contents, irrational compensation opportunity. It advocates that on the principle of fairness, comprehensiveness, endogenesis, and regularity, the improvement of eco-compensation for Xilingol grassland should be made through diversification and institutionalization of eco-compensation for grasslands. Especially, the key is to deal well with the problems of relationship of government and market, compensation subjects and objects, compensation standard, compensation methods, adjustment of industrial construction, as well as relationship of compensation and subsidy. This paper tries to analyze and summarize the, the successful experience, problems and their causes, of the ecological protection and construction of grassland in Xilinguole, especially analysises all kinds of difficulties of grassland ecological compensation, hoping to provide some useful advices and countermeasures to improve compensation in Xilinguole grassland ecology. On the basis of this improved thinking, the article proposes ideas and suggestions for concrete environment projects and improvement of compensation for grassland in environment policies, which depends on the existing grassland ecological management policy in Xinlingole League.Finally, the article makes the necessary analysis and reflection on eco-compensation from philosophical level, which relies on the basic definition of eco-compensation and eco-compensation practice of Xinlingol grassland. Ecological compensation is to achive ecological system balance through adjusting people and their social system; ecological compensation should not only concern about the sustainability of its object, but also more attention should be paid to its system and mechanism of ecological compensation; to pay special attention to traditional wisdom of the areas and its value and effect in the ecological protection and restoration. At last, it argues that eco-compensation, as a notion and model of environmental protection, should be composed of value-guided system and technical tool system. The former is a guarantee the right direction of eco-compensation, and the latter is an effective guarantee of eco-compensation. |
PDF Full Text Request