| Saffron,which has many kinds of beneficial biological activities, are widely used in medicine, cosmetics, food and other fields. But in the process of saffron harvesting, the drying processes are quite different. There is also little research on extraction process and bioactive components. In this paper, the drying process, extraction process and network pharmacology of saffron are studied in order to provide a reference for establishment of a unified standard process of drying and extraction. Details are as follows:(1) In order to compare the effects of drying process on chemical constituents in saffron, the analytical methods are very important. In this paper, 14 kinds of main chemical composition in saffron including crocins, procrocin and flavonoids were identified by UPLC-ESI- TOF MS/MS and the contents of picrocrocin、trans-4-GG 、trans-3-Gg、trans-2-gg and cis-4-GG was determined by HPLC-DAD. The results of drying processes showed that microwave drying has advantage on saffron, it took litter time and has higher chemical contents than other methods. After the optimization of drying power and time, the contents of picrocrocin、trans-4-GG、trans-3-Gg、trans-2-gg and cis-4-GG in saffron are about 22.46%、23.18%、8.49%、1.82% and 1.86%.(2) In this paper, the influence of alcohol concentration, extracting temperature, extracting time, proportion of raw material and alcohol were discussed. The better methods of saffron extraction by ultrasonic is as follow: alcohol concentration 41%; extracting temperature 40 ℃; extracting time 29min; proportion of raw material and alcohol 1mg/m L。The extraction of crocins by HP-β-cyclodextrin was also discussed and the The better methods of saffron extraction is as follow: HP- β-cyclodextrin concentration 2%; extracting temperature 50℃; extracting time 40min; proportion of raw material and alcohol 1mg/m L 。 The contents of crocins extracted by these two methods are 18.51% and 18.08%. Furthermore, the preferable extraction process of crocins by flash extraction technology was also studied and the optimum extraction process conditions was as follow: extraction voltage 110 V, ethanol concentration 70%, extraction temperature 57 ℃ and extraction time 40 s. Under this condition, the extraction rate of crocins can reach 22.76%.The kaempferol in saffron was extracted by molecularly imprinted technology and the results showed that the MIMs had the highest selectivity to kaempferol when the ratio of kaempferol /AM / EGDMA was 1:8:40 and the polymerization temperature was 55 ℃. After the separation by molecularly imprinted membrane, the content of kaempferol was from 17% to 95%.(3) Firstly, 110 target proteins and 31 signaling pathways were got by Pharm Mapper, DAVID and Cytoscape, then the network of the main chemical composition- target protein- signaling pathways was builded. The results found the saffron might have better treatment effect on cancer, endocrine, immune and nervous system disease, and the main active ingredients might be(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6 –trimethylcyclohex-1-enecarboxylic acid O-β-D- glucopyranoside 6-hydroxy-3-(hydroxyl-methyl)-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohexa- 2,5- dienone 6-O- β-Dglucopyranoside、(5S)-5-hydroxy-7,7- dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3Hsobenzofuran-1-one O- β-D- glucopyranoside 、(2Z)-3-methylpent-2-enedioic acid 1-[1-(2,4,4-trimethyl-3,6- dioxocyclohexenyloxy)-O-β-D-glucopyranosid-6-yl] ester、3-hydroxy-β-ionone、crocusatins H、adenosine、picrocrocin 、cis-crocetin and(1R)- 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3- enol O-β-D- glucopyranoside and safranal. |
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