The Study Of Shang Han Lun Under The Ming And Qing Academic Vision

Thousand years from Song to Qing Dynasties, with the growing number of Confucianist doctors, clinical academic reputation and influence are increasing day by day, has become an important group in the history of Chinese medicine. Due to the large number of literary works writen by Confucianist doctors, obviously, Confucianism’s academic thought, development of methods and the change of ideological trend, have an important impact on the development of Chinese medicine academic thought.This effect works of Chinese medicine in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is particularly evident in the performance. From Hongwu’s founding in 1368 to the revolution of 1911, the two dynasties of the Ming and Qing Dynasties,544 years of history, is an era of great prosperity of ancient Chinese thought and culture, and brilliant development of academic. During this more than five hundred years, not only has Confucian classic study achieved brilliant achievements, but the traditional Chinese medicine also has made considerable progress. Shanghan Lun as an important classic in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, its supreme academic position that is scheduled to lay in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the theoretical and clinical research on Shanghan Lun has reached a great prosperity at this time.According to the internal changes of academic thought in the Ming and Qing Dynasties research on Shanghan Lun, this paper divides the five hundred years of research situation into the four stage, which is the Ming Dynasty, the late Ming Dynasty, the early Qing Dynasty and the Qian Jia period. Through the perspective of Chinese traditional academic history represented by Confucianism, this paper makes the summary of the level of the internal history, which is by the representative doctors and academic thoughts of each stage, examines the relationship between the internal undertaking and the turning point, and also tries to analyze the mutual influence and the relationship between academic achievement and others, such as prevailing academic ethos, social trend of thought and social cultural phenomenon from the point of view of the external history.During the early Ming Dynasty, it is the collation and initiation stage of the academic research on Shanghan Lun. This time the doctors inherited the academic thinking of influence of "Four scholastic sects of Jin-Yuan dynasties", while exploring and opens up a new way to the Ming and Qing Dynasties academic treatise. From the view of the way of Shanghan Lun academic research, it can be said that Wang Lv is a kind of "connecting people" in Ming and Qing Dynasties. He put forward an earlier study way of using the" Induced disease through rules " in Shanghan Lun, questioned the original content and sequence of Wang Shuhe and Lin billion’s works, who sorted and edited Shanghan Lun, without doubts, Wang Lv created hundreds of years of debate between the Shanghan Lun schools of the Ming and Qing Dynasties:" changing wrong compilation of stripes " and "the maintenance of the old theory". Xu Hong’s Jinjing Neitai Fangyi is an important attempt to make study on Shanghan Lun on Chinese materia medica, by making a detailed classification and elaboration on the classical prescription through the genre of the "induced disease through prescriptions", also by discussing composition characteristics of Classical Prescriptions, he explained the Shanghan Lun’s law of administration of drugs on syndrome differentiation and treatment. His rigorous theory based on the connecting tightly with clinical practice, and trying to trace to its source, which are totally different with doctors’academic style in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Liu Chunshi introduced the I Ching theory studies’ achievements of the Song Dynasty Confucianism into medical theory, had formed its own unique academic system. He attached great importance to medical records, and got a clear relationship between prescription and syndrome, with using the clinical condition and the prescription as an example, who had an important influence on the medical theory and practice in the later Ming Dynasty. All in all, the Shanghan Lun’s research of this period reflected the transitional characteristics: on the one hand, it made the summary of varieties of medical theories in Jin and Yuan Dynasties, on the other hand, the new academic focus is produced:trying new research ideas, its opened up a precedent for future studies of Shanghan Lun from the point of view and method.In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, this paragraph of time is a period of reconstruction and reform on Shanghan Lun academic research. With the further improvement of Shanghan Lun academic status, physicians not only devoted their energies to the meaning of the statement and textual research, also had a strong interest in the interpretation and reconstruction of its internal logic system. Major events are confrontation and elimination in the mainstream academic history between "Lu-Wang Xin Xue" and "Neo-Confucianism" during this period. The ethos of questioning and reconstruction in Confucianism had influenced the medical science, and this trend promotes the induction, questioning and further discussion of Shanghan Lun. Fang Youzhi proposed the "wrong compilation of stripes "theory, and created the theory of separation of the three cardinal guides, which caused a great impact. His views had aroused a great controversy in the later medical scientists, and set off a new upsurge in the study of Shanghan Lun. The supplement for Shanghan Lun from Wang Kentang’s Shanghan Lun Zhengzhi Zhunsheng is mainly reflected in the four aspects:disease, symptoms, diagnosis and prescription. Wang Kentang’s Shanghan Lun Zhengzhi Zhunsheng, and even the whole "Zhunsheng" series, is an attempt to discuss and sort out the internal medicine with Shanghan Lun Prescription, with enriching and specializing the Shanghan Lun’s provision. Zhang Jiebin’s Jingyue Quanshu-Shanghan Dian had very distinct views, with multi-level, multi-angle repeatedly discussing about yin-yang and excess-deficiency, deepen and perfect the theory system of Shanghan Lun, at the same time, new terms such as warm disease and fever, tonifying method and warming method were added to the system of diagnosis and treatment. Zhang Jiebin had also enriched and developed the thought of diagnosis and treatment of Shanghan Lun。Shanghan Lun research during this period is showing a rich and diverse attempt, the theory of systematic pursuit as the main features in clinical application.At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the study of Shanghan Lun entered into a stage of rethinking and deepening, after the Ming-Dynasty extinct, many scholars had lived in seclusion, their reflection on the last Ming academic atmosphere was also reflected in the medical research in this period: emphasizing practical science, opening up a new path for knowledge, paying attention to the world and to keep the body of governance, asking for the return of Neo Confucianism, such academic trend of thought had a positive impact on the further deepening of the theory of Shanghan Lun. At the same time, the textual research of Shanghan Lun got a great development. Shanglu Pian is Yu Chang’s most important academic achievements of Shanghan Lun study, the main academic contribution is to make a systematic research on the academic theory of Shanghan Lun, at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the status of Shanghan Lun in the field of traditional Chinese medicine thought reached an unprecedented height, which is due to the efforts of Yu Chang. Zhang Zhicong paid great attention to the analysis of the traditional philosophy, he through the way of yin-yang and excess-deficiency, channel qi jiaohui, shang-xia tiaohe, established the cause of the pathogenesis of the disease. Huang Yuanyu divided the diseases of six meridians into two parts:taiyang meridian inter disease and other five meridians and zang-fu viscera outer disease, at the same time, six climatic factors unified ying,wei,qi,blood and syndrome differentiation of six channels theory, who also combined five movements and six dlimates with six exogenous febrile diseases, finally, he had systematically sorted out a set of effective theory in clinical practice.This has a great significance to correct the problem which a lot of Chinese medicine martial art attack each other and each sticks to its own version since Jin and Yuan Dynasty.Study on Shanghan Lun reached its prime with the rise of the textual research style, and soon declined, during the qianlong and jiaqing period. "Yizong Jinjian" is the official version of the medical books in the Qing Dynasty, which is initiated by Qianlong emperor, led by official, brought together with the results of hundreds of doctors, and became one of the most important medical achievements in Qing Dynasty. The book put forward clearly that physician teaching should treat Shanghan Lun as the most basic and the most important classic. This is a great affirmation of the academic status of Shanghan Lun. Xu Dachun’s "Shanghan Leifang" rearranged Shanghan Lun in accordance with the principles of "Reference classics rather than prescription", which is got rid of classification of six meridians more completely, directly explained the purpose of Shanghan Lun with prescription. Chen Nianzu advocated in typhoid academic research, mainly is certainly Wang Shuhe’s compiling Shanghan Lun originally, and agrees that Cheng Wuji’s notes as highly academic value. "Shanghan Yi Jue Chuan Jie" is his academic research of Shanghan Lun.Under the background of "maintaining the old theory", he made an academic research on the theory of Shanghan Lun, and formed his own unique academic system. The Chinese medicine study of Shanghan Lun present an impressive and splendid sight since then.