The Logical Process Of The Revolution Of Marx’s Philosophy

The revolution of Marx’s Philosophy is the physical explorations of the practical and philosophicalproblems of the age. In this step-by-step and continuously furthering process, through more thorough andmore essential criticisms on social problems, Marx gradually dates back to the contradictions and rootscausing the realistic problems, and thus complies with the axis of the present age. Therefore, to fullyunderstand the contents and essence of Marxism, we must go deep into the train of the thought of itsphilosophical revolution and logical process. This thesis sticks to the position and method of historical andlogic unification, and does the following researches on the logical process of the revolution of Marxistphilosophy.The revolution of Marx’s philosophy has its own indispensable ideological premise, which is thelogical starting point for it to launch more thoroughly philosophical revolution. Platon had done perceptualand super sensitive divisions to the world, which not only laid foundations for the development of westernphilosophy, but also made these divisions into the duality opposite of phenomena and essence. Thus, howto bridge the fracture between the two has become the dilemma which old philosophy must face but cannotovercome. In the process of constructing “philosophy of law”, young Marx encountered Kant&Fichte’stranscendental problem, which can be said to be Marx’s first experience of the metaphysical dilemma of oldphilosophy. Therefore, Marx not only realized the inherent and existing oppositions of old philosophy, butalso germinated the philosophical idea of going from transcendental idealism to realistic world of life.Hegel’s speculative dialectics provides inspiration for Marx to overcome the dilemma. By criticizing anddispelling the speculatism of Hegel, Marx boosted it to the revelation of the essence of the contradictions inreal world, which established the important guiding method for the forthcoming philosophical revolution.Built on the realization of metaphysical dilemma of old philosophy and based on the preliminarilyestablished dialectical method, Marx launched philosophical revolution in order to transcend oldphilosophy. For the beginning of its thought, Marx has two aspects of contents. One is the emphasis ontheoretical criticism to further clarify the metaphysical dilemma of old philosophy, and the other is the emphasis on realistic criticism to overcome and eliminate this dilemma. The first aspect is the essentialcriticism on self-conscious philosophy. Through the analysis of Epicurus philosophy and especially hisatomic deflection theory, Doctoral Dissertation not only grasps the kernel of self-conscious philosophywhich is the exercise program of young Hegel group, but also penetrates the limitations of self-consciousphilosophy which is “hollow freedom”. As the crystallization of this criticism,“philosophy of the world”not only has abandoned the abstraction of young Hegel group, but also has overcome the metaphysicalone-sidedness of young Hegel group’s thinking premise. The second aspect is a series of criticisms ofMarxism on social contradictions before and after handel und gewerbe. Driven by the reality of striving forpublishing rights, Marx criticized the existing reality more thoroughly and more essentially. By analyzingthe contradictions of Prussian book detection system, Marx proposed that it should be abolished because ofits inherent illness. By hitting back the criticism from leipziger allgemeine zeitung, Marx preliminarilyexpanded its position for philosophical revolution. And the law of forest theft and the problems of presents’poverty in Mosel region increased Marxism’s belief to focus on reality and to change reality, and duringthis process the dilemma occurred and deepened Marxism logic of overall revolution. The criticism onsocial contradictions promoted “philosophy of the times” as a principle, perfected the content of“philosophy of the world” and thus laid foundatio for Marxism to blossom into the existing wisdom or thespiritual essence of the age.The period of clootz and deu after handel und gewerbe is the stage at which Marx’s philosophyestablished the theme of its philosophical revolution. The dilemma of the previous criticisms on socialreality, and especially the contractions between rational view of the state and existing reality of the materialbenefits promoted Marx to turn to the criticisms on Hegel’s philosophy of law. Through the essentialanalysis of Hegel’s view of the state, Marx reversed the relationship of the state and Civil Society. As aguide, Marx launched the explorations of the problems of the Jewish. Marx defined religion as the resultsof the secular conflicts between the state and Civil Society, and attributed its origin to the split of CivilSociety itself which showed the limitations of bourgeois political liberation and led to the liberation ofpeople and society. Because communist position was increasingly correct, Marx’s philosophy established itas its theme of revolution, and explored the final liberation conditions of human society. Only by breaking private ownership and its rule with the revolutionary practice of the proletariat, can human society realizethe free development of its own. Overall, this stage is crucial in the process of Marx’s philosophy. Theprinciple of “civil society determines state” formed at the stage laid the world view premise, and theanalysis of civil society at this stage preliminarily opened new materialism horizon.When Marx established the anatomy of civil society as its theme, it actually got the core basis andfoundation support to complete philosophical revolution. Through the essential criticisms on nationaleconomics, Marx grasped the essence of civil society. As the basic contradiction of civil society, theoppositions of labor and capital, proletarian and bourgeois not only lay foundations for the existing of civilsociety, but also provide the source power for its development to a higher stage. This preliminarily realizesthe materialism anatomy of civil society, and thus perfects the already established world view. Theincreasing depth of the Revolutionary War pushed Marx’s organic combination of philosophical revolutionand the revolutionary transformation of the existing world, and providing scientific guidance for theliberation movement of the proletariat became Marx’s inescapable historical responsibility. Through thecriticism on the abstract view of practice of Die heilige Famile, Marx revealed the contradiction of the civilsociety. Through the logic which speculative philosophy uses to structure the world, Marx gets rid of theepistemological basis of idealist history outlook. This not only confirms the historical position of theproletariat and its historical mission, but also promotes the revolution of Marx’s philosophy towardscompletion.Based on the above dual transformations of world view and historical view and the further analysis ofthe split of civil society, Marx Started total liquidation to old philosophy. Either Feuerbach’s oldmaterialism or Hegel’s idealism, they both lack the dimension of practice which is their crucial limitation.People’s sensitive practice is limited to purely theoretical research, and people and the society and thecontradictions between them are metaphysically regarded as the oppositions of subject and object. Thus,the real people and their historical development are limited into the realm of pure thought and areabsolutely abandoned and rejected. Based on the realization of the loss of dimension of old philosophy, forthis opportunity, Marxist philosophy has realized the following three revolutions. First, it established thenew materialism aiming to change the world. Second, it got rid of ideological illusion of German philosophy and provides scientific guidance for the break and transcendence of class rule and metaphysicalillusion. Third, it finally ended old philosophy which only explained the existing reality, and the newphilosophy which would explain and change the world thoroughly and dialectically would be established.