Special Study On Syntax In Wu Yue Chun Qiu

This paper is trying to describe the basic lexical features of Wu Yue Chun Qiu, which lays the foundation for the research of syntax of the Eastern Han Dynasty and becomes an important part of syntax study of the Eastern Han Dynasty. On the basis of previous studies,this paper makes an interpretation of some syntactical problems in Wu Yue Chun Qiu.The basic sentence patterns in Wu Yue Chun Qiu include determinative sentence, passive sentence, inverted sentence, special predicate sentence, “YOU(有)” sentence and so on. The distribution of each sentence is different, and there is a great distinction in frequency of occurrence.The determinative sentence in Wu Yue Chun Qiu is the pattern “……ZHE(者)” and “……YE(也)”, the form of which is various and the distribution proportion of which is uneven. The pattern “……ZHE(者)” and “……YE(也)”is divided into four types, namely, the pattern “……ZHE( 者), ……YE( 也) ”, the pattern “……, ……YE(也) ”, the pattern “……ZHE(者),……” and the pattern “……, ……”. In Wu Yue Chun Qiu, Existence is expressed with the aid of the adverbs “NAI(乃)”, “ZE(则)” “YI(亦)”, “ZHEN(真)”, “JI(即)”, “GU(固)” and other expressions of the judgment, but the number is limited. The number of determinative sentences with the judgment verb “SHI(是)” is less, which is still in the development stage, and is not mature.There are two main types of passive sentence, the passive sentence with form marks and the passive sentence without form marks. The former includes “WEI(为)” sentence, “YU(于)” sentence, “JIAN(见)” sentence and “BEI(被)” sentence, among which “WEI(为)” sentence is the most complex one. Whether the latter expresses the passive meaning or not depends on the context and it is not operational. The semantic discrimination criterion is that the verb should be an outer verb with a passive meaning.There are three types of inverted sentence, namely object prepositional sentence, adverbial postpositive sentence and predicate prepositional sentence. In Wu Yue Chun Qiu, object prepositional sentence includes three types, namely, in interrogative sentences, interrogative pronoun is used as an object; demonstrative pronoun as prepositional object; in negative sentence, pronoun as object. In Wu Yue Chun Qiu, marked adverbial postpositive sentence is far more than unmarked adverbial postpositive sentence and “YU(于)” sentence is more than “YI(以)” sentence in marked adverbial postpositive sentence in which there are seven types. Unmarked adverbial postpositive sentences are all place adverbials, and there are two forms of adverbial postpositive sentence, verb+object+adverbial and verb+adverbial. There are not many cases of predicate prepositional sentence. It has mainly two types, one is adjective+ “ZAI( 哉)” as prepositional predicate, the other is “HE( 何)”+ “SUO(所)”verb as prepositional predicate. No matter what predicate prepositional sentence it is, the purpose of preposition is to emphasize the predicate.There are three kinds of special verb predicate sentence, that is, the double objects sentence, the pivotal sentence, and the serial predicate sentence. The type of the double objects sentence is single and it is mainly “give” and “take” double objects sentence. In addition, there are fewer “recommend” and “ask” and “tell” double objects sentence. The pivotal sentence is mainly the causative sentence with the verb “SHI(使)”, and “MING(命)”, “LING(令)”, “QIAN(遣)” etc.. The serial predicate sentence includes two types, one is “(subject)+predicate center word 1+ER(而)+predicate center word 2+ ……”, the other is “(subject)+predicate center word 1+predicate center word 2+ ……”.There are many types of “YOU(有) sentence which express “have”, “possess” and “exist” and three types of other usages.