Research On The Theory And Methods In Constructing Geo Spatial Knowledge Map

The21st century is the Knowledge Economy Century. With the rapid development of dataacquisition technology, computer technology and Internet technology, people can almost get thevolumes of the real-time spatial and temporal information which are relevant with the incidentshe is being concerned about through the resources and services of the web map. The newdevelopment trends of the cartography have become popular, knowledge, intelligent. Along withthe arrival of the Mobile Internet Era and the comprehensive use of the map in other areas,people gradually find that it’s very difficult to obtain the geospatial knowledge in the ocean ofthe geospatial information, although the knowledge could help us to resolve issues. So thefocusof the map-making drifts from―the data acquisition‖to―the information processing deeply‖, andthe map application changes from―the information value‖toward―the service value‖. The bestreflection of service is the knowledge. Nowadays, the newest technologies from cartography,geoinformatic and knowledge visualization provide the possiblities of the geospatial knowledgeacquisition and representation. Therefore, the cartographers try to take advantage of their ownprofessional knowledge and skills such as geographical thinking, geographical imagines,geographical reasoning, spatial data mining, and spatial analysis and so on, in order to deeplyprocess the existing information resources and strive to seek the new breakthrough and thegrowing point of the geographic information services from the knowledge level. Its final goal isto provide geospatial knowledge service for different personnel who are facing with kinds of thegeographical decision problems. In this context, by referencing the latest research results in therelated fields, this paper suggests the basic concepts of the geospatial knowledge map and itstheoretical framework and technology system from the point of view of cartography. Bycomparing with the traditional map and GIS, The geospatial knowledge map emphasizes thegeospatial knowledge acquisition, representation and visual expression. In order to examine theabove theories and models, it designs a series of models of the city tourism knowledge map andproduces some experimental maps based on the geodatabase and ArcEngine10.0. The maincontributions are as follows:1The dissertation studies the research background，the research significance and theapplication prospect of the geospatial knowledge map, presents its foundation concept andconcept model. It proposes that there are broad geospatial knowledge map and narrow geospatialknowledge map. The latter is the focus of this dissertation. It’s the map formal expression ofgeospatial knowledge. In Fact, It reflects geospatial data, information, knowledge and theirrelated relationships based on some mathematics foundation. Its key factors are geospatial knowledge spatialization and visualization.2The dissertation studies the research object, the mathematical model, the basic theoriesand the support technologies of the geospatial knowledge map, forms its research framework. Itillustrates the mathematical model in the math language. Its research object includes the physicalgeographic space and the objective knowledge space. Then it analysises the common anddiffrences among map, GIS and geospatial knowledge map from the three dismensions ofgeosoatial information objects,geospatial information products and geospatial informationservice around semantic, and suggests there is the trend of gathering toward semantics. On thisbasis, it provide its foundation theories such as spatial cognition, knowledge management theory,geographic ontology and knowledge visualization, and the support technologies of geographicontology technology, knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation and knowledgevisualization.Then it presents the key problems in constructing the geospatial knowledge map,which are data modelling, knowledge representation and knowledge visualisation.3The dissertation constructives the cognitive model and the data model of the geospatialknowledge map. The traditional map data model which is built up for map making and bases onthe thematic geography layer thought, is not convenient for analysising geospatial data andobtaining geospatial knowledge. Starting from the basic concepts of geospace and space, itproposes the cognitive model of the geospatial knowledge map. On this basis, It presents that thegeospatial knowledge map modeling includs data modeling and knowledge modeling: the datamodeling provides a solution to geospatial data storage and management in the computer whichmeasures geographical entities, the knowledge modeling solves the formal description of thegeospatial knowledge which reflects the essential characteristics and inherent regularities ongeographical entities;To obtain and access the potential geospatial knowledge contained ingeospatial data, It designs the ontology-driven spatio-temporal data model based on the Featureon the foundation of the regional theory, the cognitive category theory, the map generalizationprinciples and set theory; Then it establishes its conceptual model, logical model and physicalmodels.4It summaries and stuies the source, the acquisition methods and the system of thegeospatial knowledge, forms the knowledge systems in the geospatial knowledge map, anddesigns the ontology-based geospatial knowledge representation model and the organizationalstructure of the knowledge base. Through concluding the existing source,the acquisitiontechnologyies and the types of the geospatial knowledge, it suggests its knowledge system facingthe map visual expression;Then it illustrates the principles, procedures, and the urgentproblems in constructing the knowledge base based on ontology technology; At last, it providesseven mapping rules from knowledge ontology to database storage in the reverse engineering thought from software system, and designs the knowledge base organizational structure.5It works over the main types and methods on the geospatial knowledge map visualization,designs its visual expression model and provides there are three kinds of the geospatialknowledge map such as geospatial structure knowledge map, semantic structure knowledge mapand evolution trends knowledge map. Geospatial knowledge map is more than just a settled mapproducts, bu also is an active device in the user’s thought processing or only is a visualintermediate products on thinking. The visual expression types of the geospatial knowledge mapcan be divided into map-based formal expression of the fact knowledge and knowledge visualexpression of conceptual knowledge.The map formal expression methods of the fact knowledgeinclude point-like elements, linear elements and area-like elements visual expression based onmap. And the conceptual knowledge visualization types include the knowledge expression of theconcept composition and their relationships, the knowledge expression in a schematic map formand the knowledge expression in the geographical schematics map form. On this basis, it findsthe visual representation model and the basic types of the geospatial knowledge map.