A Research On Lizhi In Qin And Han Dynasties

The Li, one of Qin and Han dynasties’basic Li units in the distal, is the national minimum level of Liorganization; it belongs to the local Li system as an important part in the country. Local Li system includesLi division and the Li organization content. The formation of the local Li system in ancient China hasexperienced the evolution from the initial establishment of the western Zhou dynasty to Qin dynasty.Political system of western Zhou dynasty is a feudal system, not a complete sense of local Li organization.The Li division and the western Zhou dynasty Li system are not perfect places. But there exists the westernZhou dynasty in the county, and the township, state, and the emergence of regional name, the formation ofthe aristocratic management departments at different levels, and the resident units are the local preparedconditions for the formation of the local Li system.During the spring and autumn period, Zhou chamber tends to decline, a Handful of vassal statesgradually become strong, starting to develop a centralized system. These governors are no longer on theirterritory, and officer points to position of the vertical rule which is set by the governors. County, in latespring and autumn period, became Li divisions in the warring states period. County, in the spring andautumn period, the internal management organization setup largely complete, county controls the amountof land and population, which is the level of management institutions. As for late warring states period, inaddition to Qi is one of the five system implementations and the other six countries established Chinarespectively. But all of them, the nature of the county are local Li, and military and political are not mature.County in the late warring states is Li division unit, meaning military and Li functions, system in county,the county’s political system preliminary formation belong to the late warring states period. In the late warring states period, countries have established a centralized political system, basically formed the county,township, up and down in the Chinese local political organizations.Qin dynasty Li divisions, belong to the grassroots Li zones. The high-level Li zones are the puresystem of county level Li division. Qin Chu as a practice is a new kind of feudal system according to themilitary packet. Early Han, the governors enjoy high autonomy in their fiefs, very independent, which isnot really established in the early Han dynasty unified regime, its essence is the feudal society of China,until the order after the chaos of the seven countries, the governors only enjoy the food and clothing of thetax authority, its essence is to put the kingdoms of the county into the system of China, to become thecentral jurisdictions, it marks the feudal system that is completely replaced by China, the real central highlycentralized bureaucracy to the emperor was completely established. Since Han dynasty of China, most ofthe time of the Han dynasty’s county districts, county, name, countries, and cities exist. Until the spirit ofthe eastern Han dynasty emperor in five years, counties secondary system was changed into a state, countytertiary system.The basic content of Qin and Han dynasties local Li organization in the county, township, are basicequivalents to vassal states from the emperor of Han dynasty, Han dynasty’s county, as a part of the Handynasty’s local Li organization; City is the packet to the queen mother, the queen mother and princess aroyalty status with county, by the Chinese government management. These are official Qin and Handynasties, the local Li system. At the beginning of the Qin and Han dynasties, the counties and the tao arelocated in minority regions, special Li zones the local Li system and the mainland are slightly different.Territories of Qin and Han dynasties, the central government, mean to join the minority tribes to set upspecial Li zones and its status and parallel to the county. At the beginning of Han dynasty, county is set upin the period of Emperor Han wu. Territories and county as a special Li region, enjoys high autonomy. Territories in the nature of the eastern Han dynasty are at the beginning of Equivalent County, the county inthe early time to after restructuring is equal in Yonghe County. Township of Qin and Han dynasties is notlevel Li division, but is the level of government organizations. Township for county is under sectionpartition, administer. In Qin and Han dynasties, they constitute the basic minimum Li unit of the empire, inthe compartment as qi lived and officer in cadastral, are for the imperial clan to live in.A standard compartment as qi Qin dynasty resident units, the collectors of jobs and positions in theSettings include: In the prison doors are for two people; Tian Dian, Canon each one, are Rizzo variablenumber, more Han one to two vice-chairmen. Clubs in the slaughter are the cure for each one. Qin dynastyWu of the old one, is in a cult status after, but the Han dynasty is in the collector. Composed collectors inHan dynasty on the basis of the Qin dynasty and added in the statue and legate in two positions, theirpositions, are usually one or two. Wu old Tian Dian, Qin dynasty, Han dynasty in the drink offering, theoffering is the core in the collectors, they constitute the center of regime in power. Assorted, WuHang, inher long prison doors, is to engage in social governance in the slaughter, they are under the leadership ofcore collectors, collectors in nature belongs to a half and a half. The number is less Han hundredhouseholds, the grass-roots government in according to actual needs, to set up reasonable collectorspositions and position and is in the (chief) in scriptures, long Tian Dian, ramesh, WuHang collector are inthese four basic position, but long, WuHang collector is not necessarily permanent. WuCHang is the mainimplementation of the Li.In Qin and Han dynasties of the administration, which is a microcosm of the national most Li affairs,is the foundation of the national administration. From the horizontal division, Li function mainly includessix contents, and shall be responsible for other duties. In the administration of the function that is usuallyperformed by all the collectors to participate in, but the collectors also focused, the duty of the main function also has full-time collectors in the head. Collectors in the characteristics of the division of dutiescan be divided into large and small, to give priority to, each has emphasized particularly on it. One is thehukou preliminary management functions. Second is in the ministry of public security managementfunctions. Third is a tax collector in the collection function. It is collectors to assist the superior in thegovernment to carry out the functions of labor then. Fifth is ministry of education in the implementation offunctions. Qin dynasty has not heavy indoctrination, Han Qin put enlightenment function on the Li function,which is after the Han dynasty Qin dynasty that entered the department of a big Hange, in this function,provides conditions for Han dynasty into the prosperous time. Moreover, collectors in the distribution ofproperty functions and collectors in the recommendation from people are for the title successor to guaranteefunction and shall be responsible for other duties, these functions for the development and stability areequally important, which is just such a function literature rare and also not system.Autonomy in the autonomy in the Qin and Han dynasties can be divided into spontaneous and inducedautonomy in two parts, the formers in the Qin and Han are the compartment in the department of thepeople’s important living contents, which there are only two Han period, the Qin dynasty and Han dynastyin the autonomy of the major differences. Neighborhood is spontaneous in the autonomy of production andlife activities, spontaneous autonomy mainly includes: in the neighborhood economic it can help each other;Economic gives free of charge; Rich capital contribution, the efforts to build public works; Neighborhoodfree combination investment needed to go to work, and utilities; People in the voluntary union, partnershipengaged in commercial activities; Marriage, funerals, marry, marry human and financial resources tosupport each other, or to give the rich material free of charge; Neighborhood safety rescue; Neighborhoodfriendly Hange; To solve contradictions among neighbors, etc., activities to maintain the autonomy in thedepartment of material reproduction, population reproduction have played a positive role. Induced in the autonomy is of unique content, in the Han dynasty mainly there have five parts: one isthe clan relative’s autonomy in the department. Its contents include the clan relative’s economic assistancefree of charge; Adoption of clan’s helpless. Secondly, collectors are in the organization of production andpublic work construction. Autonomy, including agricultural production implementation work, labor,voluntary and mutual assistance; Total productive labor to buy common tools; Collectors advocating onhouseholds, mean ZhongHu’s donations of cooperation, in the efforts to work, and to family governanceendanger public safety engineering. The third is a tax collector in the organization of labor, autonomy,which is organized by collectors in advocating form "bullet", looking for sources of economic use of therich to donate, and farm income, money, interest income solve the problem of village people heavy taxesand corves. It is bound to solve the collectors in labor pay economic compensation. There are two possiblesources of economic compensation; it is from the department of economic income, second, from thegrass-roots tax revenue, or both. Five autonomous organization are based in the department took the singleand Baiban. In the kingdom of people who take part in club offerings, rain, rain check activities,collectors are all advocating the rich to donate money, success to raise money to solve the cost of sacrifice,weaken the unrest at the local level. In addition the department also has single wine list autonomy in twogroups.Qin and Han dynasties are to be known in administration from two aspects, one is in the Li system, thesecond is the Li control. Perfect Li system is powerful in the Li control of the premise, in the constructionof the Li system and the implementation of a system are two different things, crying of the western Handynasty period, after the emperor of the eastern Han dynasty to the Han, failed to implement the Li system.In the other period, the system can be implemented. Development in Qin and Han dynasties of the Lisystem, Li system in the Qin dynasty has established a comparatively perfect one. Since the early Han Li system constantly improved, the enriching is the content. To ping emperor basically stable, is to keep onthis level until the Han. In Li actual control over the size, the Li system to determine the final results, in theLi control of the actual strength is a complex problem, whether the system of state is the decisive factor. Inthe Qin and Han dynasties in different periods show us the actual size on the strength of Li control, we canmake a general description: the Qin dynasty is very strong; The early Han seems to scene emperor towardbetter Han Qin dynasty; The emperor period, continues to strengthen; Zhao Xuan period becomes weak;Yuan continues to weaken, into two emperor period, continued to weaken, flat period and maintain in lowlevel. Chapters at the beginning of the eastern Han dynasty to emperor period rise Li control. Fall in its lateeastern Han dynasty, is Li control and maintain in low level, sometimes slightly floating up and down, butthe administration has been in a weak overall control in this period.Throughout the development of autonomy in the Qin and Han dynasties, the evolution, the Qindynasty of autonomous component content in the lowest, the performance is very weak. Autonomy in thewestern Han dynasty in the early period of Han dynasty to the middle for the breeding period, theautonomy function is enhanced. In the mid western Han dynasty to the western Han dynasty at the end ofthe autonomous development has been to a higher level. After the eastern Han dynasty, the GuangWuDiused "field events” to the emperor in the autonomy into a rapid development. Offered to the Han emperorafter abnormal autonomy into countries, people cannot control it in a period. In Li system andadministration and actual control in the guiding ideology of the national ideology there is a certainrelationship,"autonomy" in leading and governing concept has a causal relationship, the nature of theautonomy and the establishment of Confucianism, in the national implementation of enlightenment at thegrassroots level have a direct relationship between each other.