| First StudyObjectiveTang Zonghai’ s Xue Zheng Lun is the first book specialized in traditional Chinese medicine for hemorrhage related diseases.This book is who want to learn about traditional Chinese medicine for hemorrhage related diseases must read.Our research was to find out the medication regularity in Tang Zonghai’ s Xue Zheng Lun,so that we can inherit the drug use experience from ancient famous doctor.MethodsInput oral medication data from Tang Zonghai’s Xue Zheng Lun into TCM inheritance support system provided by China Academy of Chinese Medical Science for data mining,including drug frequence analysis and correlation rule analysis.ResultsIn Tang Zonghai’ s Xue Zheng Lun,there were 989 oral prescriptions involving 231 kinds of Chinese medicine covering all varieties.Most frequently used 20 kinds were glycyrrhiza,angelica,ginseng,poria,rehmanniae and peony root,radix scutellariae,bighead atractylodes rhizome,pinellia ternata,radix bupleuri,ginger,fructus ziziphi jujubae,prepared rehmannia root,ligusticum wallichii,radix ophiopogonis,moutan bark,rhizoma anemarrhenae,colla corii asini,rheum officinale,coptis chinensis.Under the condition of over 10%support degree,core prescription was made up from 13 kinds of TCM drugs including glycyrrhiza,angelica,ginseng,poria,rehmanniae,peony root,scutellaria,white atractylodes rhizome,pinellia,bupleurum,ginger,jujube,ligusticum wallichii.Xue Zheng Lun clarified hemorrhage related diseases into five chapters for explanation,they were hemorrhage upwards,hemorrhage outwards,hemorrhage downwards,blood stasis,blood lost accompaniment.Among 989 prescriptions,262 prescriptions appeared in hemorrhage upwards(accounting for 26.49%),45 prescriptions appeared in hemorrhage outwards(accounting for 4.55%),147 prescriptions appeared in hemorrhage downwards(accounting for 14.86%),99 prescriptions appeared in blood stasis(accounting for 10.01%),436 prescriptions appeared in blood lost accompaniment(accounting for 44.08%).Hemorrhage upwards prescriptions involved 173 kinds of TCM drugs,hemorrhage outwards prescriptions involved 83 kinds of TCM drugs,hemorrhage downwards prescriptions involved 118 kinds of TCM drugs,blood stasis prescriptions involved 131 kinds of TCM drugs,blood lost accompaniment prescriptions involved 200 kinds of TCM drugs.Under the condition of over 10%support degree,core prescription of hemorrhage upwards was made up from 13 kinds of drugs including liquorice,angelica sinensis,ginseng,poria cocos,radixpaeoniae alba,dried rehamnnia root,radix scutellariae,radix bupleuri,radix ophiopogonis,ginger,fructus ziziphi jujubae,bighead atractylodes rhizome,pinellia ternata;core prescription of hemorrhage outwards was made up from 17 kinds of drugs including angelica sinensis,liquorice,ginseng,dried rehamnnia roots radix paeoniae alba,radix scutellariae,ligusticum wallichii,astragalus membranaceus,ginger,pinellia ternata,fructus gardeniae,poria cocosr,bighead atractylodes rhizome,coptis chinensis,moutan bark,radix bupleuri,fructus ziziphi jujubae;core prescription of hemorrhage downwards was made up from 16 kinds of drugs including liquorice,angelica sinensis,ginseng,bighead atractylodes rhizome,radix scutellariae,radix paeoniae alba,poria cocos,coptis chinensis,dried rehamnnia root,ligusticum wallichii,fructus ziziphi jujubae,radix bupleuri,colla corii asini,ginger,astragalus membranaceus,golden cypress;core prescription of blood stasis was made up from 13 kinds of drugs including liquorice,angelica sinensis,ginseng,poria cocos,dried rehamnnia root,ligusticum wallichii,fructus ziziphi jujubae,pinellia ternata,radix paeoniae alba,ginger,radix bupleuri,bighead atractylodes rhizome,radix scutellariae;core prescription of blood lost accompaniment was made up from 13 kinds of drugs including liquorice,poria cocos,ginseng,angelica sinensis,dried rehamnnia root,radix scutellariae,radix paeoniae alba,pinellia ternata,radix bupleuri,ginger,fructus ziziphi jujubae,bighead atractylodes rhizome,pericarpium citri reticulatae.ConclusionIn Tang Zonghai’s Xue Zheng Lun,he treated hemorrhage related diseases with various oral medications;he paid high attention to treatment based on syndrome differentiation;drug use for five kinds of hemorrhage related diseases each had different characteristics;he most widely applied tonifying qi-blood,liver smoothing and harmonizing treatment.The medication regularity outcome just confirms the academic thinking in his book.Second StudyObjectiveBy using the Inheritance of TCM Auxiliary Platform(V2.5 version),we conducted a retrospective study from Professor Chen Zhixiong for his diagnosis and treatment of immune thrombocytopenia to summarize the clinical characteristic and the rule of formula.It is advantageous to the inheritance of his experience.It will provide a reference for TCM clinical treatment and scientific research.MethodsAccording to diagnosis criteria,inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria,we collected Professor Chen Zhixiong’s outpatients prescriptions in GZUCM First Affiliated Hospital’ s electronic information system from Jan 1,2013 to Dec 31,2016.There were totally 767 TCM prescriptions from 103 immune thrombocytopenia patients.So we can create the TCM Prescription Database by using the Inheritance of TCM Auxiliary Platform(V2.5 version)with these data.Carrying out analysis and result output with all kinds of data mining methods,we can excavate Professor Chen Zhixiong’s prescription thought about immune thrombocytopenia and we can summarize the rule of the formula.ResultsAccording to Professor Chen Zhixiong’s treatment of immune thrombocytopenia,datamining of 767 TCM prescriptions,the results showed that from four natures of medicine statistics,warm was the most common,followed by cold,mild,cool and heat.Five flavors of medicine statistics showed that sweet was the most common,followed by bitter,chill,astringent,sour,light and salty taste.The rate of the use of channel tropism drugs was classified from high to low as liver,lung,kidney,spleen,heart,stomach,colon,bladder,gallbladder,small intestine,pericardium,tri-jiao.Involving 227 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine,morinda officinalis was the most frequently used for 678 times,covering over 88%cases.Under the condition of over 25%support degree,core prescription was made up from 18 kinds of frequently used drugs.They were morinda officinalis,dried rehamnnia root,cornu bubali,moutan bark,rhizoma anemarrhenae,bighead atractylodes rhizome,codonopsis pilosula,poria cocos,liquorice,hairyvein agrimony,fructus xanthii,red peony root,fingered citron,periostracum cicadae,radix rubiae,radix sileris,polygonum multiflorum,astragalus membranaceus.Formula rule in different genders:340 male cases totally used 202 kinds of TCM drugs and 427 female cases totally used 199 kinds of TCM drugs.Under the condition of over 25%support degree,male group core prescription was made up from 14 kinds of frequently used drugs including morinda.officinalis,dried rehamnnia root,cornu bubali,moutan bark,rhizoma anemarrhenae,red peony root,liquorice,poria cocos,bighead atractylodes rhizome,hairyvein agrimony,codonopsis pilosula,fructus xanthii,periostracum cicadae,radix sileris;and female group core prescription was made up from 18 kinds of frequently used drugs including morinda officinalis,dried rehamnnia root,cornu bubali,bighead atractylodes rhizome,codonopsis pilosula,moutan bark,fingered citron,poria cocos,rhizoma anemarrhenae,radix rubiae,fructus xanthii,hairyvein agrimony,liquorice,periostracum cicadae,polygonum multiflorum,radix sileris,astragalus membranaceus,red peony root.Formula rule in different ages:95 child(age from 0 to 14)cases totally used 108 kinds of TCM drugs,590 youth(age from 15 to 44)cases totally used 219 kinds of TCM drugs,and 82 middle-aged or elderly(age from 45 up)cases totally used 134 kinds of TCM drugs.Under the condition of over 25%support degree,child group core prescription was made up from 16 kinds of frequently used drugs including morinda officinalis,dried rehamnnia root,fructus xanthii,periostracum cicadae,liquorice,hairyvein agrimony,moutan bark,cornu bubali,fingered citron,radix sileris,poria cocos,radix rubiae,endothelium corneum gigeriae galli,rhizoma anemarrhenae,bighead atractylodes rhizome,red peony root;and youth group core prescription was made up from 18 kinds of frequently used drugs including morinda officinalis,dried rehamnnia root,cornu bubali,moutan bark,rhizoma anemarrhenae,bighead atractylodes rhizome,codonopsis pilosula,red peony root,liquorice,poria cocos,polygonum multiflorum,fingered citron,hairyvein agrimony,radix sileris,fructus xanthii,astragalus membranaceus,radix rubiae,prepared rehmannia root;and middle-aged or elderly group core prescription was made up from 17 kinds of frequently used drugs including morinda officinalis,codonopsis pilosula,poria cocos,dried rehamnnia root,bighead atractylodes rhizome,radix rubiae,hairyvein agrimony,polygonum multiflorum,rhizoma anemarrhenae,fingered citron,astragalus membranaceus,prepared rehmannia root,radix scutellariae,radix bupleuri,periostracum cicadae,fructus xanthii.Formula rule in different seasons:132 cases in spring totally used 169 kinds of TCM drugs,262 cases in summer totally used 181 kinds of TCM drugs,194 cases in autumn totally used 185 kinds of TCM drugs,and 179 cases in winter totally used 181 kinds of TCM drugs.Under the condition of over 25%support degree,spring group core prescription was made up from 15 kinds of frequently used drugs including morinda officinalis,dried rehamnnia root,moutan bark,cornu bubali,fructus xanthii,rhizoma anemarrhenae,liquorice,periostracum cicadae,red peony root,hairyvein agrimony,codonopsis pilosula,poria cocos,bighead atractylodes rhizome,radix rubiae,radix sileris;and summer group core prescription was made up from 17 kinds of frequently used drugs including morinda officinalis,dried rehamnnia root,cornu bubali,moutan bark,rhizoma anemarrhenae,codonopsis pilosula,poria cocos,fingered citron,liquorice,bighead atractylodes rhizome,radix rubiae,hairyvein agrimony,red peony root,fructus xanthii,prepared rehmannia root,polygonum multiflorum,periostracum cicadae;and autumn group core prescription was made up from 18 kinds of frequently used drugs including morinda officinalis,dried rehamnnia root,cornu bubali,bighead atractylodes rhizome,moutan bark,codonopsis pilosula,rhizoma anemarrhenae,hairyvein agrimony,poria cocos,radix sileris,liquorice,fructus xanthii,periostracum cicadae,red peony root,radix rubiae,polygonum multiflorum,astragalus membranaceus,fingered citron;and winter group core prescription was made up from 17 kinds of frequently used drugs including morinda officinalis,dried rehamnnia root,bighead atractylodes rhizome,cornu bubali,moutan bark,codonopsis pilosula,poria cocos,rhizoma anemarrhenae,astragalus membranaceus,periostracum cicadae,radix sileris,fingered citron,liquorice,fructus xanthii,polygonum multiflorum,red peony root,radix rubiae.Formula rule in different syndromes:In all 767 cases,there were different kinds of syndromes,and four key syndromes were yin deficiency and blood heat syndrome,Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome,spleen deficiency(with dampness)syndrome,spleen and kidney deficiency syndrome.165 cases with yin deficiency and blood heat syndrome totally used 162 kinds of TCM drugs,144 cases with Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome totally used 162 kinds of TCM drugs,81 cases with spleen deficiency with dampness syndrome totally used 124 kinds of TCM drugs,and 58 cases with spleen and kidney deficiency syndrome totally used 117 kinds of TCM drugs.Under the condition of over 25%support degree,yin deficiency and blood heat syndrome group core prescription was made up from 13 kinds of frequently used drugs including dried rehamnnia root,cornu bubali,morinda officinalis,moutan bark,red peony root,rhizoma anemarrhenae,liquorice,fructus xanthii,periostracum cicadae,radix sileris,prepared rehmannia root,hairyvein agrimony,fingered citron;Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome group core prescription was made up from 16 kinds of frequently used drugs including morinda officinalis,dried rehamnnia root,moutan bark,rhizoma anemarrhenae,cornu bubali,hairyvein agrimony,radix rubiae,bighead atractylodes rhizome,codonopsis pilosula,red peony root,liquorice,polygonum multiflorum,fingered citron,astragalus membranaceus,radix ophiopogonis,prepared rehmannia root;spleen deficiency with dampness syndrome group core prescription was made up from 18 kinds of frequently used drugs including morinda officinalis,poria cocos,codonopsis pilosula,bighead atractylodes rhizome,dried rehamnnia root,radix rubiae,fructus xanthii,fingered citron,periostracum cicadae,hairyvein agrimony,radix sileris,semen lablab album,polygonum multiflorum,semen coicis,moutan bark,prepared radixliquorice,cornu bubali,rhizoma anemarrhenae;spleen and kidney deficiency syndrome group core prescription was made up from 17 kinds of frequently used drugs including morinda officinalis,codonopsis pilosula,bighead atractylodes rhizome,dried rehamnnia root,astragalus membranaceus,fingered citron,polygonum multiflorum,poria cocos,prepared radixliquorice,fructus xanthii,radix sileris,periostracum cicadae,rhizoma anemarrhenae,prepared rehmannia root,radix rubiae,hairyvein agrimony,liquorice.Formula rule with exogenous disease:There were another 73 cases with exogenous disease and their prescriptions covered 126 kinds of TCM drugs.Under the condition of over 25%support degree,exogenous disease group core prescription was made up from 14 kinds of frequently used drugs including morinda officinalis,liquorice,periostracum cicadae,dried rehamnnia root,fructus xanthii,platycodon grandiflorum,schizonepeta,hairyvein agrimony,cynanchum glaucescens,semen armeniacae amarae,cornu bubali,aster tataricus,moutan bark,radix stemonae.ConclusionProfessor Chen Zhixiong’ s core prescription for immune thrombocytopenia included several key varieties of TCM drugs,which were for tonifying kidney,tonifying spleen and qi-regulating,wind-dispelling and eliminating evil for surface,and tonifying Qi and blood.Especially,he has unique experience for the use of tonifying kidney drugs and wind-dispelling and eliminating evil for surface drugs.Summarize his prescription thought,we found out that he flexibly used TCM drugs based on syndrome differentiation,used particular TCM drugs aimed at specific disease,used different TCM drugs individualized to patient and season,chose TCM drugs in consideration of both Chinese and Western Medicine,paid high attention to the prevention and treatment of exogenous disease.Professor Chen Zhixiong not simply inherits ancient famous doctor’s experience in treating hemorrhage related diseases,but makes innovative development to the drug-use treatment of immune thrombocytopenia. |
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