The Study Of The Evolution Of Culture And Literature In The Early Ming Dynasty

Ming Dynasty Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang overthrewed the reign of YuanMeng,established regime of the Han nationality in Ming Dynasty.Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di carried out autocracy policies in the fields of political,cultural,ideological,which bought out a special cultural ecology,and had a profound impact on literature.From the founding of the Ming Dynasty to early years,under the influence of cultural ecology in this period,literary works were very little success.In traditional literature history,the period between Hongwu to early Chenghua as literature times of silence.Most of the literature works was not the point during this period,in addition to the Song Lian.Liu Ji and Gao Qi’s works.Although the TaiGeTipoetry had prevailed for half a century,had not been introduced more.So,the development of literature as a 100-year history,been easily neglected.However,the literature development of this period laid the foundation for the literary prosperity in the future.This article take the "study on the evolution of the early Ming Dynasty culture and literature" as the topic,and take about 100-year’s literature between the early Ming Dynasty Hongwu to the early years Chenghua as object of study.Study on the literature appears to be quiet in the early Ming Dynasty,which provides references for the study about changes of the late Ming Dynasty literature,and which also is an integral part in the study of literary history.This paper focuses on the relevant elements of the early Ming Dynasty culture,in the form of cases studies this period literary creation and evolution as well as its role and influence.It not only enriches the theory of literary production,and is helpful for further study on the law of literature.Paper divided literature in the early Ming Dynasty literature into three stages:Hongwu period.Yongle to the orthodox seven years(1442),orthodox eight years(1443)to the early Chenghua.Due to the larger area extension of cultural concept,the article selected some representative for cultural phenomenon as the starting point at each stage of the literature evolution,combined with the literary evolution to study.In the introduction,the paper identified the target and range of the study,and introduced the research aims and significance,research status and methods.The first part.Hongwu Zhengbi system and evolution of literary study.From the influences of the system to the literature evolution as the breakthrough point,the development and evolution of literature in Hongwu period were studied.The first chapter,origins of the Zhengbi system and its implementation in the early Ming dynasty.Zhengbi system was formed in Han Dynasty,and prevalent in the early Han Dynasty.Tang,Song,Ming and Qing Dynasty had a brief executed to the system.But it was a special case during the Hongwu period.In this chapter,the implementation of the Zhengbi system in Hongwu period and the cultural background of the ancient ways,were examined and demonstrated.It was founded that Hongwu Zhengbi system is different from the traditional system,with the top-down,reflecting the imperial court and the emperor called the strong-willed character.During this period,the selection number,range,and the flexible way were unprecedented.Ming Taizu restored confucian political tradition,system of Han,Tang and nationalism,which w-as the background to the implementation of the Zhengbi system.The second chapter,court Zhengbi and literature-oriented.Ming Taizu exercised Zhengbi system to meet the needs of the practical situation based on urgent new situation of the new dynasty.In this process,the literature toward to celebrate millennium,deliberate satire,heroic largeness of style under the official control.The harsh cultural autocracy and Zhengbi system maked literators to lose the mentality of free,and the literature also not in the direction of the provisions.The third chapter,Zhengbi in early Hongwu period and literature meet in cabinet.A large number of literators entered the imperial court in early Hongwu period by Zhengbi system.In terms of literary theory,there had been discussed about popular literature and Cabinet literature,also appeared "Praise of national prosperity" literature views.Liu Zijian’s’yasongzhengyin,was a reflection of this mainstream view.The fouth chapter,Zhengbi and the decline of later Hongwu literature.This part reviewed Gao Qi’s destiny at the beginning of Hongwu under the Zhengbi system,rethinked the root ca.uses that Gao Qi were killed.The relations between literators with the regime in early Hongwu Period,underwent a process from cater to cabinet,harmonious to enforce,and then to bloody mess.It was found by examining the follow three cases:Zhengbi system with Gao Qi and other literators in the same period,Zhengbi system with Dai liang fate,Zhengbi system with three-talent of Wuzhong at the end of the Hongwu Period.The literature decline of later Hongwu reflected in a sharp reduction in the number of writers and works.Zhengbi system had a devastating blow for the literators’s fate.On the other hand,due to imperial ousted,the new mainstream writers team struggle to achieve.Utilitarian view of literature was also not conducive to the formation of pure literary creation environment in Ilongwu later period.The later part,study on the imperial autocracy and the Court style.Put the TaiGeTiinto the whole process of literary development to research is of great significance.Most of the scholars into the cabinet,writing will naturally change toward court literature.That was the cabinet literators consciously identify with their own identity in writing.so,literary creation has never been short of personnel engaged in court style,but whom accounted for only a small percentage in the literary of each dynasty.This was a extreme phenomenon in the history of cabinet literature.Cabinet literature overwhelmingly defeated popular literature in the Yongxuan period.This part studied from the perspective of literature generation to discuss general development situation about top-down literature generation during the TaiGeTiprevalent period in four dimensions,which build a three-dimensional structure of the pre-Orthodox Cabinet-style literature.TaiGeTi writer group were divided into four levels to study.First,The emperor and court officials group,was the center of the Court style;Second,Yongle two years(1404)presented scholar group was the Wings;The third group was a scholars group whom were official promoted in early Yongle,such as "Hanlin four kings";The fourth group was parts of the private literati group who had some TaiGeTicreations,such as Suping who was one of the "Xuande Ten Talents".The paper taked the first to second group as the main research object,and also studied on individual literary creation,such as Li Changqi.The chapter one,relationship between imperial autocracy and the selection of court style.Writers consciously followed the way of praise of the emperor and national prosperity because of the autocratic imperial power of the policy pursued further,judging from the internal law of the development of literature.Clear and graceful writing style and court fashion of Wu Bozong,was people’s self-conscious literature choices like Yang Shiqi.The chapter two,mutual promotion between the emperor and ministers and its TaiGeTiresearch in Xuanzong period.Xuanzong’s TaiGeTicreation was focused in the thesis.Different from the traditional literary tradition of personal aspirations and feelings literary expression,Ming Xuanzong as emperor,his poems and essays with a grand opening for the national background,exuded grace and atmospheric,and also has the typical characteristics of the TaiGeTifrom the same period.The chapter three,the group of presented scholar in Yongle two years(1404)and Court style.The imperial examination in Yongle two years(1404)has the model significance in Ming’s imperial examination history.The training system of Shujishi set out the direction of literary creation praise of national prosperity.They were participants and promoters of the TaiGeTicreations,and created the poems and essays what the court needed.The chapter four,study on creation of Li Changqi from official to private.The paper has a more detailed study of Li Changqi family and life,"Yunpimangao" writing style.According to "He Siming youfengdulu",Li Changqi’s creative ideas were discussed.The last part,study on variation of court politics and the decline of the Court style.The eunuch dictatorship followed a series of political movements from the late Orthodox to the early Chenghua period,generated frequent changes of the literati who at the centre of political,caused chaos of the cultural values.With the decline of the TaiGeTiEnvironmental background of cabinet-style creation was also lost.The chapter one,politics change and the influence of Court literary decline.As a result of political changes,political background of the TaiGeTiwas missed.Therefore,the Court style’s environment for praise national prosperity had been not exist.Literature became diversify,and some literators’s creations were unique.Guo Deng,Yu Qian,Yue Wang were representative of this period.The chapter two,study on "Jingtai Ten Talents".Talents with similar literary tastes,were as retro as their prose style.Although their works originated from the court,but out of the scope of the court style,had achieved independent development status,and had an important position and significance in the early Ming dynasty literature history.Some members of them such as Liu Pu,Tang Yinji experienced Tumu Crisis,created great works belong to the times.