Effect Of Resistance And Aerobic Training To Maximal Oxygen Uptake Of University Students And Sports Adaptation Mechanisms

In China,in the context of the declining of the youth's physical quality,the rising of obesity rate,the deficiency of the exercise habit and the high frequency of sudden death,this thesis,on the theme of "Gold standard" of the evaluation on cardio?pulmonary function---the maximum,oxygen uptake and VO2max,get to know the college students5 current situation of cardio-pulmonary function by testing and comparative analysis on people's main organ function and quality index,to provide a valuable instruction and new thought of theory and practice on the evaluation of the youth's corporeity and health.Objective:To explore the correlation between the VO2max(maximum oxygen uptake),the body composition,cardiac output and the flexible power quality;To get to know the differences between the organ function of different people conducted to VO2max;To discuss the resistance and the influence of index of correlation on different aerobic training to VO2max;To reveal the related physiological mechanism by sports.Method:1)Correlation experiment:Recruit 358 non-PE majors university students in health(151male:23.11yr±2.88,172.08cm±6.3,70.41kg±11.96;207 female:22.21y±2.47,159.69cm±5.43,56.83kg±7.3),Test body composition(OLYMPIA3.3),VO2max(K4b2),heart function(NICOM),lung function(VRIxp)and body quality(BIODEX).Person Correlation Analysis between the V02max and each index with SPSS 22.0.2)Comparative analysis experiment:Data and subjects are the same as the first,according to ACSM and Cooper Institute for the critical point(male:45.7 ml/kg/min;female:39.5 ml/kg/min,),if it is more the point,it can be called 'the normal group";On the other hand,if it is less than the point,we say it "the low group"(same as the next),T test on the data of independent samples among two groups and compare body composition?V02max?cardiac output?lung function and body quality among the groups.3)Exercise intervention experiment:Participants 275 students from the previous experiment objects:male:134,female:141),dividing them into resistance,aerobics and matched group by sex.Among them,male:58 resistance training(RT),53 aerobic training(AT),23 non exercise;male:54 resistance training,56 aerobic training,31 non exercise.The index test method is the same as the previous,including prior experiment(the same as the previous one)and posterior experiment(after the training).Have repeated measures of the data between the ones before the test and after the test?Training program:? Period and time:12 weeks,4times/week,90min/time?? Intensity:RT:2-3 parts,2-3 training movement/part,3-4set/movement,65%-80%1RM(8-15 repetition),60S?40S/interval of big and small muscle group(according to exhaustion);AT:10-12beat?repetition 5-6 breathe/10",combination interval 1-2min,55%-85%VO2max(according to palate for a pulse on the radial artery).?Training contents:Training aginst resistance gives priority to big muscles of thorax,shoulder,back and leg,training the comprehensive lumbar abdomen and core muscles.Aerobic training:the female team,bodybuilding exercises by Duoyan Zheng;Male:kickboxing and ball games.4)The influence of different levels on VO2max to exercise intervention:the objects and data are the same as "3",divide the objects of resistance group and aerobics group into normal one ad lower one by the levels of VO2max,just as the male/female normal resistance group,lower resistance group,normal aerobics group,lower aerobics group;have the repeated measures to the data which is before or after the experiment;compare the exercise intervention of the different levels with various methods.5)Exercise intervention experiment in animals:objects and groups:2 months(8weeks)male C57BL/young rats,40,divided into quiet group,endurance exercise group,resistance group(mounting stairs),ten in each group.Method:T test on the data of independent samples among 3 groups.Training plan:? periodic time:8 week,4times/week,30 min/time;after 6:00 p.m ? intensity:resistance training:3 sets/day,3-4Reps/set,20s/Rep.2 min/set;weight training:50%(1-2 weeks)---100%(5-weeks);? content:weight-bearing exercise---climbing stairs,aerobic training:0.7?0.8km/h(1 week),0.8-0.9(2-4 weeks),0.9-1.0(5-8weeks);treadmill training without weight-bearing.Organize the test on the sample.(A)index statistics on myocardium skeletal muscle and epididymis.(B)activity assay on key enzyme with aerobic metabolism(Elisa test)Succinate dehydrogenase(SDH),Citroyl synthetase(CS),lactic dehydrogenase(LDH).(C)Test on relative transcrnpt level of skeletal muscle,proteins of cardiac muscle IGF-1,PI3K,AKT,mTOR.(D)contents check between skeletal muscle and proteins of cardiac muscle P-S6,S6,P-4E-BPI and AKT.(E)skeletal muscle and test of Myocardial morphology:chomosome HE,immunochemistry and Cytochrome C Oxidase(COX),Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule(CD31).Results:1)Correlation results:1)Correlation results:the levels of college students(male&female)' VO2max(ml/kg/min),? obviously negative correlated with their weight,BMI,the fat percentage,weighty without fat,obesity rate.? obviously positively correlated with the heart pump function in a quiet state and SVmax;and negative correlated with heart rate in a quiet state;but not in a close connection with maximum heart rate.? obviously positively correlated with the vital capacity and the maximum lung ventilation,and obviously negative correlated with respiration quotient,but not in a close connection with contraction force of respiratory muscle.? obviously positively correlated with the strength quality and flexibility quality.Among it,positively correlated with the back power of the female.2)Comparative analysis results:Compare with the normal group of university students,the students in low group of VO2max,? obviously positively correlated with the weight,BMI and fat rate;Among it,the influence of male's obesity rate is more..? the maximal stroke volume and level of maximum level of lung ventilation is lower,heart pump blood levels of male in a quiet state is worse,but the differences between the two groups of females are not big.? male' lung's capacity and intensity of lung respiration are lower,the possibilities of students whose intensity of lung respiration is below the normal,and those of rale are high;females' lung's capacity is low.?the strength ofback,abdominal,leg,and flexibility quality are worse in lower group,and it has big differences among males.3)Exercise invention results:after 12 weeks' resistance and aerobic training,college students' ? fat percentage,obesity ratio and waist-to-hip ratio have obviously declined.?maximal oxygen uptake,maximal ventilation function and S Vmax are obviously promoted,the increase of aerobic training is high,the change of maximal of heart rate and respiration quotient is small ? the heart pump function in a quiet state is promoted,intensity of lung respiration and lung's capacity are obviously promoted,and possibilities of low intensity of lung respiration and rale are low.?the power of back,abdomen,leg,grip and flexibility is obviously promoted,the increase of resistance training is higher.4)The result of influence of different levels of VO2max to exercise intervention:after 12 weeks' resistance training and aerobic training,compare with the normal group,the students whose VO2max are in low group' ? falling range of fat rate and BMI is big,the effect of decreasing fat of female students having resistance training is better.(including the normal group).? the increase of maximal cardio-pulmonary function,aerobic training and heart pump function in a quiet state is higher,the improvement of aerobic training to male students is better,the one of resistance training to female students is better.?the increase of respiratory muscle and level capacity is low.? the increase of strength and flexibility quality is higher,the one of resistance is a bit higher.5)Animals invention results:After 8 weeks' aerobic training and resistance training.? the increase of young rats' weight is higher,and especially to the ones in aerobic training.The effect of resistance training to skeletal muscle hypertrophy is bigger,the one of aerobic training to myocardial hypertrophy.? the liveness of Succinate dehydrogenase(SDH),Citroyl synthetase(CS)and lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)is obviously promoted.? Protein translation synthetic signal path of IGF-1 PISK/AKT/mTOR/of skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle in resistance group rises.However,the tendency of aerobic training is not clear or may be restrained.? the increase of the number of skeletal muscle,Myocardial line and Angiogenesis level is obviously higher.Conclusions:(1)Health status of college students(including male and female)is not quite good,among them,the percentage of the students whose level capacity below the normal,is 60%,the excellent rate is less than 15%.(2)Fat rate and BMI are the most important influencing factor of the maximal oxygen uptake,from the point of cardio-pulmonary function,it should be defined.From the point of health,it will bring negative influencing factor of people's aerobic working ability.(3)The maximal oxygen uptake is connected with not only the heart pump function and lung respiratory function but also the muscle strength and flexibility quality;Meanwhile,the students,whose aerobic level is low,are obviously poor at heart function,lung function and strength quality;To some extent,it shows the maximal oxygen uptake is influenced by heart,lung and other main organs,and it is connected with muscle quality.(4)The resistance training of 65-85%1RM and high-duty aerobic training of 55-85%VO2max can both optimize the college students 'body composition,improve the maximal oxygen uptake,heart and lung fimction and promote the strength muscle and flexibility quality.Comparatively speaking,the effect of resistance training to improvement of strength quality is better;so is that of aerobic training to improvement of heart and lung function.(5)The research results show that compared with the normal group,the VO2max,heart and lung function and strength quality of the students in low group can be greatly improved by resistance training and aerobic training which has a guiding significance in teenagers' physical health and nationwide fitness campaign.(6)8 weeks' resistance and aerobic training makes the skeleton muscle and cardiac muscle of mice bigger,and increases Angiogenesis and mitochondria.Such good morphologic changes provide the most clear evidences on the people's research of how to improve people's heart function,lung function and aerobic capacity.Meanwhile,the improvement of the liveness of Aerobic metabolism of key enzyme and Endothelial growth factor protein express:ion further to reveal the effect of improvement on utilization of oxygen of internal physiological mechanism by sports training.However,the expression of protein synthesiss pathway and its tendency reveal that resistance and aerobic training produce different sports adaption on a certain period from the mechainism.