Research On The Theory,Method,and Application Of Water Resource Spatial Equilibrium

The finiteness and unsubstitutability of water resources determine that there must be a close relationship and coordination among water resources,economic-society and ecological environment.Judging from the development trends of various countries around the world,the development of economic-society is more and more centralized,the spatial differences in the ecological environment become more apparent,especially with the acceleration of the speed of economical-social development and the improvement of human-environmental quality requirements,the spatial constraints of water resources are becoming more and more apparent,water resources development and utilization pattern is in a dilemma.The spatial imbalance of water resources has become the "bottleneck" of sustainable development in various countries and even the breaking point of conflicts of interest among countries.However,from the existing research progress,research around the "water space equilibrium" has just started,and is weak both in theoretical and methodological research,which lead to the insuffciency of the practical application of water space equilibrium.As a result,the basis for the spatial balance control of water resources is too inadequate to be the scientific and reasonable guidance of the spatial balanced development of water resources.Therefore,there is an urgent need to carry out research on the theory,method and application of spatial equilibrium of water resources.Based on the systematic summary and analysis of previous research results and our team's previous research,this paper proposed the concept of spatial equilibrium of water resources,revealed the principle of spatial equilibrium of water resources,proposed and constructed the theoretical framework of spatial equilibrium of water resources.In terms of methods,the existing spatial equilibrium analysis methods are compared and analyzed,and the quantitative method of spatial equilibrium of water resources is put forward.In terms of application,the proposed spatial equilibrium theory and quantitative method of water resources are applied to the tarim river basin of the belt and road and its typical watershed “Tarim river basin”,providing theoretical,methodological and technical support for the spatial equilibrium management of regional water resources.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)Water resources spatial equilibrium principle and theoretical system framework.Based on the interpretation of the concepts of spatial equilibrium,the concept of spatial equilibrium of water resources is put forward and the spatial equilibrium principle of water resources is revealed.Taking the "research object-theoretical basis-research method-concrete application" as the mainline,the spatial equilibrium theory system of water resources is constructed.The results show that the spatial equilibrium of water resources refers to a relatively stable equilibrium state in the development,utilization and protection of water resources.The research object of the theoretical system of spatial equilibrium of water resources is the coupling system of water resources,economy,society and ecological environment.The theoretical basis is system theory and water cycle principle.Research methods include spatial equilibrium calculation methods,spatial equilibrium control methods,etc.Application practice can be carried out from both qualitative and quantitative aspects.The spatial equilibrium theory of water resources should follow certain application rules.(2)Research on quantitative method of spatial equilibrium of water resources.By comparing the existing methods of spatial equilibrium correlation analysis,this paper put forward the method of calculating spatial equilibrium.Aiming at the spatial equilibrium quantification of water resources,an index system was constructed and quantified based on the criteria of discrimination.Finally,to solve the problem of spatial imbalance of water resources,a method of spatial equilibrium regulation of water resources is proposed.The results showed that the five elements of spatial equilibrium,the calculation method of spatial equilibrium coefficient and spatial equilibrium degree,the method of calculating the spatial equilibrium coefficient(degree)contour and the method of drawing the center of gravity can describe the spatial equilibrium problem quantitatively.The index system of water resources spatial equilibrium criterion can comprehensively represent the spatial equilibrium of water resources.The spatial equilibrium regulation method can be used to optimize the spatial imbalance of water resources.(3)Analysis of the scope and characteristics of the belt and road research area.On the basis of drawing the main route of "the belt and road",this paper put forward the multi-level and multi-scale research idea of "the belt and road" and divides it into regions.Based on the national area level of the main body of "the belt and road",this paper summarized the physical geography and economic and social conditions,and carries out the analysis of the single factor characteristic index of "the belt and road" from the aspects of hydrology and meteorology,water conservancy engineering and ecological environment,etc.The results showed that the main route of "the belt and road" is divided into sea and land routes,with a total length of 68998.02 km and it access to 50 countries.The research idea of "the belt and road" is divided into the main water resources area and the main national area.The research scale is divided into three scales: large scale,medium scale and small scale.The corresponding number of zones is 11,50 and 1110(1391).The 50 countries along the belt and road are rich in natural geography and diverse in economic and social diversity.According from the hydrometeorology,water conservancy engineering,ecological environment,every country has its own characteristics.(4)Application research of "the belt and road" water resource spatial equilibrium calculation method.Taking the "the belt and road" main water resources area as the object,this paper selects the representative indexes from hydrometeorology and economic-social water use to carry out the large-scale application research of the calculation method of spatial equilibrium of the water resources carried out,and proposed the spatial equilibrium control strategy based on the analysis of the comprehensive results.The results showed that the spatial equilibrium degrees of precipitation,temperature,evapotranspiration and runoff in the "the belt and road" main country areas are 0.66(relative equilibrium),0.57(near not equilibrium),0.61(relative equilibrium)and 0.50(near not equilibrium),respectively.The spatial equilibrium degree of industrial water,domestic water and agricultural water is 0.22(relative not equilibrium),0.37(relative not equilibrium)and 0.16(basical not equilibrium),respectively.The overall spatial equilibrium degree is not high.Therefore,8 suggestions for spatial equilibrium regulation of water resources are proposed to "the belt and road".(5)Research on the application of spatial equilibrium and harmonious regulation of water resources in tarim river basin.Taking "tarim river basin",a typical the belt and road watershed,as an example,the small-scale application of spatial equilibrium regulation method of water resources was studied.Based on the general situation of tarim river basin,the spatial equilibrium degree of water resources in tarim river basin from 2004 to 2017 was calculated and its spatial and temporal variation characteristics were analyzed.On this basis,the spatial equilibrium and harmonious regulation method of water resources was adopted to regulate and control the tarim river basin in 2017,the key factors were identified,the schemes were optimized,and protection Suggestions and countermeasures were put forward.The results showed that the average spatial equilibrium of water resources in tarim river basin is 0.62.In 2017,the spatial equilibrium degree of water resources in tarim river basin was 0.60,and the harmony degree of water resources spatial equilibrium was 0.62.After the regulation,the spatial equilibrium degree increased to 0.71 and the harmony degree increased to 0.70.