Effects Of Cadmium On Female Production And Development Of Pardosa Pseudoannulata

In this study,we investigated effects of Cadmium(Cd)on the fecundity and development of wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata,which was dominant species in the southern paddy field.We compared the gene expression profiles in ovarian tissue and spiderling between Cd-tread groups and controls via high-throughput sequencing,underling influencing mechanism of Cd on spiders.The results as follow:1.Cd stress affected the autioxidant enzyme activities of P.pseudoannulata,reduced activities of peroxidase(POD),superoxide(SOD)and glutathione S-transferase(GST),and increased content of metallothionein(MT)in feamle spider.Furthermore,gene and protein expression levels of GST and SOD were consistent.For spiderling,Cd stress increased the activities of CAT and SOD,and content of MT in spiderling(2nd and 5th instars),but decreased activity of POD in 2nd instar and increased in 5th instar;Gene expression and PPI analysis suggested that SOD and CAT may be dominant in scavenging ROS in spiderling.2.Cd stress had potential negative effects on production and maturity of oocyte,via inhibiting gene expression levels in Oocyte meiosis pathway(Ko 04114)and Progesteronemediated oocyte maturatio(Ko 04914).3.Cd stress had negative effects on synthesis of yolk protein in spider,resulting in a significant decrease in Vt content and egg production.And,expression levels of Vg genes and protein lipovitellin-1 were both down-regulated in response to Cd stress.4.The expression levels of miRNA were influenced in response to Cd stress.Functional analysis indicated that MAPK signaling pathway was regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs.These would influenced production and maturity of oocyte in spiders.5.Cd stress may have negative influence on embryonic development of spider.Functional analysis of DEGs suggested that cytochrome P450 metabolic pathway and peroxisomes may be the major antioxidant strategy in 144-hour embryos.And genes acting in proteins degradation and absorption were changed,implying the potential negative influence of Cd stress on consuming of nutrient substances.6.Cd stress had significant effect on the growth and development of spiderling.Cd stress decreased body weight(3rd-8th instars),increased morality(4th-8th instar),and prolonged developmental time(7th–8th instar),but no difference on body length of spider.7.Cadmium stress had adverse effect on the synthesis of ecdysone in the spider.Genesacting on ecsysteroidogenesis like phm,dib,sad and shd were differentially expressed when in response to Cd stress.Meanwhile,genes have functions on cuticle and chitin metabolic were also influenced.These may contribute to delayed developmental time and increased morality.Summary,Cd stress affected the fecundity of spider,primarily through inhibiting production and maturation of oocytes,and biosynthesis of Vt in ovary of spider;Cadmium stress affected the molting hormone levels in spiders via affecting the expression of cytochrome P450 family genes,thus reducing success rate of ecdysis,increasing death rate and development time of spiders.