Based On The Emotion-induced Experiment To Explore The Effects Of Anger And Fear On Pulse Parameters And Their Physiological Mechanisms

BackgroundThe pulse diagnosis belongs to the content of"palpation" in the four examinations of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).It is one of the important methods for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in TCM and has been valued by physicians of all dynasties.In the thoughts of TCM,when the internal and external factors of human body change under physiological conditions,or when a disease occurs,it can affect the changes of qi and blood of the body and thus be reflected through the pulse.The pulse manifestation(or pulse condition)refers to the manifestations of heartbeats responding to the pulse,and the pulse beats responding to the finger,namely the manifestation of pulse beats perceived by physicians’ finger touching.So to a certain extent,it is subjective.At present,the pulse is acquired mainly by feeling cun kou(radial pulse),that is the wrist radial artery.Therefore,since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,many researchers have been developing pulse diagnosis instruments with multidisciplinary knowledge to collect dynamic pulse graphs and analyze pulse-graph parameters and their associated pulse manifestations,which promotes the objective collection and analysis of pulse diagnosis.It has made great progress and been applied to clinical research.The emotions refers to the normal emotional activities such as joy,anger,anxiety,thought,sorrow,fear,fright,etc.It is the different reaction of human spiritual consciousness to the internal and external environmental stimuli.In TCM,they are generalized as seven emotions and consider their generation and adjustment are related to the five viscera.Therefore,the seven emotions are divided into five viscera(the liver,the heart,the spleen,the lung and the kidney),anger(the liver),joy(the heart),thought(the spleen),sorrow(the lung),and fear(the kidney)representing as five minds.The mainstream definition of emotion in the modern psychology is a person’s attitude experience and corresponding behavioral responses to objective things.The concept of emotion in TCM is equivalent to human effective system or process.According to the definition rules of scientific concept,some researchers defined the seven emotions,joy,anger,anxiety,thought,sorrow,fear and fear,under the definition of the abstract concept of emotion.They found that in addition to thought,the other six emotions had been discussed in the modern emotional psychology,and their connotation is basically the same.TCM believes that:anger leading to qi ascending,fear leading to qi sinking.On the rise and fall of the air machine,anger and fear are opposite.Therefore,this article chooses anger and fear.Purpose1.Theoretically explore the influence of anger and fear on the human body in Chinese medicine and psychology.2.Based on the emotion-induced experiment,the influence of anger and fear emotion on the pulse parameters and its physiological mechanism under physiological conditions were discussed,Method1.Theoretical discussionBased on Chinese medicine theory,neurobiology,and emotional psychology,through reviewing literature and classics,combing,summarizing,and analyzing the effects of anger and fear on the human body.2.Experimental researchBased on the emotion-induced experiment,taking the neutral emotion as a control,the effects of joy and sorrow on pulse-graph parameters in healthy female college students were observed.1.Emotion inducement and evaluation:Three videos of neutral,joy and sorrow were watched successively by the same subject to induce the corresponding emotions;three copies of"subjective emotion evaluation form"(SEEF)were filled out respectively by each subject before watching each video(TO),immediately after watching the video(T1)and 15 minutes after watching the video(T2)to conduct subjective emotion evaluation.The subjects’heart rate,galvanic skin response and heart rate variability(including low frequency components(LF),high frequency components(HF),and ratios of low frequency components to high frequency components(LF/HF))were collected simultaneously with BIOPAC MP150 to objectively evaluate the arousal of emotions.2.Acquisition of pulse-graph parameters:A Daosheng DS01-C pulse recorder was used to record the pulse-graph parameters of each subject at the three time points of T0,T1 and T2of each video.3.Acquisition of Saliva sample:The ultra-pure polypropylene saliva collection tube DRG(?)Sali～Tubes produced by DRG Company of the United States was collected at the time point T0,and the testee’s saliva was collected 1.5ml after T1 and T2.Result1.Theoretical discussion(1)The influence of emotion on the human body mainly affects the viscera and qi qi.The emotional anger mainly affects the liver,heart and spleen,and causes the air machine to rise,which in turn causes a series of symptoms,which are manifested in the pulse as urgent and stimulating.Strings and excitement;emotional fear mainly affects the kidneys,heart,and liver,and causes the air machine to fall,causing a series of symptoms,manifested in the pulse as the pulse to the Hua,the veins such as the silk,sink,weak Wait.(2)Anger and fear affect the autonomic nervous system,causing changes in heart rate,blood pressure,and heart rate variability,but the law of change is unstable,causing a significant increase in skin electrical power;affecting neuro-endocrine,making thyroid hormone,adrenocortical hormone,Adrenal medulla and prolactin are elevated,while hormones such as insulin and testosterone are reduced.2.Experimental research(1)Emotional evaluation results:After watching the neutral video immediately,there was no significant change in the subjective evaluation index and the objective evaluation index.Immediately after watching the angry video,the degree of pleasure was significantly reduced,and the degree of arousal,anger score,skin potential,heart rate,LF,and HF increased significantly.Immediately after watching the fear video,the degree of pleasure was significantly reduced,and the degree of arousal,fear score,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,skin potential,heart rate,LF,and HF were significantly increased.After watching the fear video,the changes in diastolic blood pressure,skin power,heart rate and HF of the subjects were significantly greater than those after watching the angry video.According to the five-state personality theory,after the subjects were grouped,the subjective evaluation results of the positive personality group and the negative personality group were almost the same as those of the non-grouping group,indicating that there was almost no difference between the two groups in subjective experience.The results of skin electricity,heart rate,LF and HF grouping were almost identical to those of non-grouping.When watching the fear video,the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the subjects in the negative personality group were increased,and the subjects in the positive personality group did not increase.(2)Changes in pulse parameters:After watching the angry video,t is significantly shortened immediately,t2,t4,and t5 are all shortened,and t1 and t3 are invariant,which reflects the shortening of the cardiac cycle,that is,the heart rate/pulse rate.accelerate.After watching the fear video,t3 was significantly prolonged,t5 was significantly shortened,diastolic phase was shortened,heart rate was mainly affected by diastolic phase,t was shortened,and heart rate was accelerated.After grouping according to the five-state personality,the difference in the pulse pattern parameters between the positive personality group and the negative personality group was only after watching the fear video,the Ass of the positive personality group decreased significantly and the negative personality group did not change.(3)Changes in salivary cortisol and salivary amylase:Anger can cause a significant decrease in salivary cortisol concentration,and still drops significantly after 15 minutes of stimulation,and fear can cause salivary cortisol concentration to rise significantly 15minutes after the end of the video.The effect of anger on the change of salivary cortisol concentration is less than the effect of fear on the change of salivary cortisol concentration.After 15 minutes of watching video,the effect of anger on the change of salivary cortisol concentration is still less than the influence of fear on the change of salivary cortisol concentration.After grouping according to the five-state personality,the difference between the two groups was shown in the negative personality group 15 minutes after watching the fear video,the change in salivary cortisol concentration(△2)was significantly greater than 15 minutes after watching the neutral video.(4)Correlation between changes in salivary cortisol and salivary amylase concentration and changes in pulse pattern parameters:significant correlation between changes in pulse parameters caused by watching angry video and changes in salivary amylase concentration and salivary cortisol concentration The anger is irrelevant and related to the physical characteristics of the subject.After watching the fear video,the changes in pulse pattern parameters correlated with changes in salivary amylase concentration and salivary cortisol concentration.After grouping according to the five-person personality theory,the positive personality group was consistent with the ungrouped conclusion.The negative personality group watched the changes of the anger,neutral,and fear video posterior parameters and the change of salivary amylase concentration.There is a correlation between changes in the parameters of the posterior pulse of fear video and changes in cortisol concentration.Conclusions1.From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine,the influence of anger and fear on the human body is mainly achieved by the lifting and lowering of the viscera.It is manifested in the pulse.The main manifestations of the anger are the urgency,the promotion,the string and the stimulation.For the pulse to the like,the pulse is like silk,sinking,weak and so on.From a psychological point of view,anger and fear may cause changes in the autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrine system,which may lead to changes in heart rate,blood pressure,skin electricity,and indicators such as glucocorticoids,thyroid hormones,and prolactin.2.The emotionally induced effect is significant,and the fear video causes a greater physiological change in the subject than the angry video.The negative personality group produced more physiological changes than the positive personality group.3.Compared with watching neutral videos,watching the angry video shortens the subject t;watching the fear video makes t3 extended,t5 shortened,and t shortened.Inferred from this,the influence of the anger video on the pulse map may be related to the extension of the cardiac cycle.The influence of the fear video on the pulse may be related to the extension of the left ventricular diastolic phase and the cardiac cycle.At the same time,changes in pulse parameters of anger and fear may be related to elevated concentrations of adrenaline,norepinephrine,glucocorticoids,and prolactin in the blood.5-6points of intensity of anger,fear video,the subject’s subjective feelings intensity is almost no difference,but watching fear video may bring greater physiological response.After grouping according to the five-state personality,the difference between the two groups of pulse parameters is small.4.Anger and fear have an effect on the concentration of salivary cortisol and the effect is sustained.It still exists after 15 minutes of video ending.Anger can cause a significant decrease in salivary cortisol concentration and still drops significantly after 15 minutes of stimulation,and fear can cause salivary cortisol concentrations to rise significantly 15minutes after the end of the video.The change of pulse pattern in the state of fear is related to the changes of salivary cortisol and salivary salivary amylase concentration,which may be related to the increase of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortical system activity and the inhibition of parasympathetic neurogenesis in human fear.In the case of fear-stimulated subjects,subjects with negative personality were more likely to cause activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system,which in turn secreted more salivary cortisol.5.After watching the angry video,the changes in the pulse parameters may be related to the anger caused by sympathetic excitation.The changes in the pulse parameters after watching the fear video may cause sympathetic excitement with fear and the hypothalamus-pituitary in the state of fear.-Increased activity of the adrenal cortex system and inhibition of parasympathetic neurogenesis.After the emotional stimulation of the subjects with negative personality,the autonomic and neuroendocrine activities were more acute,and thus the pulse changes were more likely to occur.