| Objective:Pulse diagnosis is one of the four diagnostic methods in traditional Chinese medicine and it’s also an important basis for syndrome differentiation.In recent years,scholars have been exploring the characteristics of disease pulse and pulse maps.This study aims to explore and analyze the pulse and pulse parameters of young hypertensive patients through clinical pulse and pulse parameters based on pulse diagnostic equipment,in order to obtain the pulse characteristics of young hypertensive patients,as an exploration and attempt to explore the pulse characteristics of diseases.Methods:The first part collects hypertensive patients diagnosed in the cardiology ward and outpatient department of Xiyuan Hospital from September 2020 to September 2022 as the hypertension group.A total of 112 hypertensive patients were included.Among them,there are 68 cases in the youth hypertension group and 44 cases in the middle-aged and elderly hypertension group.The general data of the two groups of subjects were collected by self-made questionnaire,including pulse condition,tongue condition,gender,age,height,weight,body mass index,occupation,smoking history(no,less than 3 years,3 years and above),whether to drink alcohol(yes,no),and hypertension family history.The frequency(frequency and duration)of physical exercise and the duration of prolonged sitting(whether a single session exceeds 2 hours,whether a day exceeds 8 hours,and whether a week exceeds 5 days).Sleep status(daily sleep duration and whether there is sleep apnea),whether there are sleep problems(①difficulty falling asleep;②difficulty maintaining sleep;③waking up earlier than expected;④unwillingness to go to bed at an appropriate time).Negative events(divorce,relative death,serious illness,unemployment,significant economic losses).The collected data is collected in Excel to establish a database and analyzed using IBM SPSS25.0.The second part collects hypertensive patients who examinated in the cardiology ward and outpatient department of Xiyuan Hospital from September 2020 to September 2022,and selects Beijing university of Chinese medicine’s students and teachers as the healthy population group.A total of 25 healthy individuals and 64 hypertensive patients were included.Among them,there are 34 cases in the youth hypertension group and 30 cases in the middle-aged and elderly hypertension group.All participants used the pulse diagnostic apparatus developed by the Institute of Microelectronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences to collect data and extract 12 parameters of six pulse conditions of both hands,including 72 parameters.This study selected five indicators:h1,h3,h3/h1,h4/h1,and w/t.The collected data was collected in Excel to establish a database,and IBM SPSS25.0 was used for statistical analysis of the research data.Results:The results of study 1 showed that in young hypertensive patients,there were 35 cases(51.47%)of Xi pulse,11 cases(16.18%)of Xishuo pulse,9 cases(13.24%)of Huashuo pulse,8 cases(11.76%)of Xianxi pulse,and 1 case(1.47%)of Xihua pulse.In middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension,the highest number of pulse patterns was found in 12 cases(27.27%)of Xianxi pulse,with 8 cases(18.18%)of Xian pulse and 8 cases(18.18%)of Xianhua pulse,followed by 6 cases(13.64%)of Chenxian pulse,6 cases(13.64%)of Xishuo pulse,3 cases(6.82%)of Xianshuo pulse,and 1 cases(2.27%)of Xi pulse.The distribution of tongue texture in young hypertensive patients was the highest in 27 cases(39.70%),followed by 26 cases(38.24%)of light red tongue,3 cases(4.41%)of light white tongue,3 cases(4.41%)of red tongue,and 9 cases(13.24%)of light dark tongue.Among middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients,there were up to 15 cases with light white tongue(34.09%),12 cases with red tongue(27.27%),9 cases with light dark tongue(20.45%),and 8 cases with light red tongue(18.19%).The distribution of thin coating on the tongue of young hypertensive patients was highest in 43 cases(63.24%)of thin coating,followed by thin white coating in 18 cases(26.47%),thin yellow coating in 5 cases(7.35%),and yellow greasy coating in 2 cases(2.94%).In middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension,the highest number of cases was 14(31.82%)with thin yellow coating,13(29.55%)with thin white coating,10(22.73%)with thin coating,and 7(15.91%)with yellow greasy coating.The highest proportion of young hypertensive patients with normal shape tongue distribution was 41 cases(60.29%),followed by 18 cases(26.47%)of dentate tongue,5 cases(7.35%)of fat and large tongue,2 cases(2.94%)of thin and small tongue,and 2 cases(2.94%)of cracked tongue.The maximum number of normal tongues in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients with normal shape togue is 25(56.82%),cracked tongues in 9(20.45%),thin and small tongues in 6(13.64%),and dentate tongues in 4(9.09%).There were significant differences in occupation and sedentary time between the young hypertension group and the middle-aged and elderly hypertension group(P<0.05).The results of Study 2 shows that Compared with healthy young people,left cun w/t of young hypertensive patients increases(P=0.000);left guan h4/h1 increases(P=0.018)and w/t increases(P=0.002);the left chi h1 increases(P=0.005)and h3 increases(P=0.001);right cun h3 increases(P=0.035),and h1 increases(P=0.004),h4/h1 increases(P=0.000),w/t increases(P=0.000),and h3/hl decreases(P=0.037);right guan h4/h1 increases(P=0.003),w/t increases(P=0.001),and h3/h1 decreases(P=0.042);right chi h1 increases(P=0.000)and h3 increases(P=0.000).Compared with healthy young people,middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients have an increase in left cun h1(P=0.033)and h3(P=0.002);right cun h1 increases(P=0.000),h3 increases(P=0.006),h4/h1 increases(P=0.003),w/t increases(P=0.003),and h3/hl decreases(P=0.017);left guan h4/h1 increases(P=0.001);right guan:h1 increases(P=0.000),h3 increases(P=0.009),h4/h1 increases(P=0.002),w/t increases(P=0.001),and h3/h1 decreases(P=0.005);The left chi h3 increases(P=0.040).Compared with young people with hypertension,middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients have an increase of h1 in the right guan(P=0.040),h3 in the left cun(P=0.024),and h4/h1 in the right cun(P=0.024).In the healthy group,the h1 and h3 of the left chi were lower than the left cun,the h3/h1 of the right cun was higher than the left cun,the h3/h1 of the right chi was higher than the left cun,and the w/t was lower than the left cun.The h3/h1 of the right chi was higher than the left cun,and the w/t was lower than the left cun,with statistical significance(P<0.05);The h1 and h3 of the left guan are lower than the left guan,h4/h1 is higher than the left guan,h3/h1 of the right guan is higher than the left guan,h3/h1 of the right guan is higher than the left guan,and h1 and h3 of the right guan are lower than the left guan;Statistically significant(P<0.05);The h3/h1 of the right chi is higher than the left chi,h4/h1 is lower than the left chi,h1,h3/h1 of the right chi is higher than the left chi,h4/h1,w/t is lower than the left chi,and h4/h1 of the right chi is lower than the left chi,with statistical significance(P<0.05);The w/t of the right chi is lower than the right cun,and the h1,h3,and h3/h1 of the right chi are lower than the right cun,with statistical significance(P<0.05);When compared with the right guan,the h1,h3,and h3/hl of the right guan were lower than those of the right guan,with statistical significance(P<0.05).The h1 of the left chi in the youth hypertension group was lower than that of the left cun,while the h3/h1,h4/h1,w/t of the right cun were higher than those of the left cun,and the h3/h1 of the right guan was higher than that of the left cun,with statistical significance(P<0.05);The h3/h1,h4/h1,and w/t of the right cun were higher than those of the left guan,with statistical significance(P<0.05);The h1,h3,and h4/h1 of the right cun were higher than those of the left guan,while the h1 of the right guan was higher than that of the left guan,with statistical significance(P<0.05);The w/t of the right chi is lower than the right cun,while the h3,h3/h1,h4/h1,and w/t of the right chi are lower than the right cun,with statistical significance(P<0.05);When compared with the right guan,the h1 and h3/h1 of the right guan were lower than those of the right guan,with statistical significance(P<0.05).In the middle-aged and elderly hypertensive group,the w/t of the left chi is lower than the left cun,the h1 and h3 of the left chi are lower than the left cun,the w/t of the right cun is higher than the left cun,and the h1 and h3 of the right chi are lower than the left cun,with statistical significance(P<0.05);When compared with the left guan,the h1 and h3 of the left guan are lower than the left guan,the w/t of the right guan is higher than the left guan,and the h1,h3,and h3/h1 of the right guan are lower than the left guan,with statistical significance(P<0.05);When compared with the left guan,the h1,h3,and w/t of the right cun were higher than those of the left guan,while the h1 and h3 of the right guan were higher than those of the left guan,with statistical significance(P<0.05);When compared with the right cun,the w/t of the right guan is lower than that of the right cun,and the h1,h3,h3/h1,w/t of the right guan are lower than that of the right cun,with statistical significance(P<0.05);When compared with the right guan,the h1,h3,and h3/h1 of the right guan were lower than those of the right guan,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusions:1.The pulse distribution of young people with hypertension by order from high to low are mostly Xi pulse,Xishuo pulse,Huashuo pulse,Xianxi pulse,Xihua pulse and Xianhua pulse.The pulse condition in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients are Xianxi pulse,Xian pulse,Xianhua pulse,Chenxian pulse,Xishuo pulse,Xianshuo pulse and Xi pulse.2.Pulse chart characteristics:The pulse parameters reflecting hypertension include right cun hl,h3,h3/h1,h4/h1,w/t;right guan w/t,h3/h1,h4/h1;h4/h1 for left guan;h3 of the left chi.The characteristics of the six parts of the Cunkou pulse in hypertension are mainly reflected in the increase of h1,h3,h4/h1,w/t,and the decreases of h3/h1.The differences in pulse maps are mainly concentrated in the right cun pulse and the right guan pulse.The difference in pulse maps between young hypertensive individuals and middle-aged and elderly hypertensive individuals is found in right guan hl,left cun h3,and right cun h4/h1.3.The relationship between pulse and pulse chart parameters:For the young hypertension patients,Xihua pulse’s left cun w/t,left guan w/t,left chi h1 and h3,right guan h4/h1 and w/t are the highest.Xianhua pulse’s left cun w/t,left guan w/t,left chi h3,right guan h4/h1 are the lowest and right cun h4/h1,right chi h1 and h3 are the highest.Huashuo pulse’s left chi h1,right cun h4/h1 and w/t,right guan w/t,right chi h1 and h3 are the lowest.Xianxi pulse,right cun h1 is the highest.Xihua pulse’right cun h1 is lowest and right cun w/t is the highest.4.There are differences in the six parts of the Cunkou pulse in young people with hypertension,with the biggest difference being between the right cun and right chi.The differences are mainly in the four parameters h3,h3/h1,h4/h1,and w/t,and the values of the right cun parameters are all greater than those of the right chi.Specifically,in young people with hypertension,the left chi h1 is lower than the left cun,the right chi w/t is lower than the right cun,the right chi h3,h3/h1,h4/h1,w/t is lower than the right cun,and the right chi h1,h3/h1 are lower than the right cun. |
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